长期不同施肥条件下红壤性水稻土微生物群落结构的变化  

THE CHANGES OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN RED PADDY SOIL UNDER LONG-TERM FERTILIZATION

作　　者：夏昕[1] 石坤[1] 黄欠如[2] 李大明[2] 刘满强[1] 李辉信[1] 胡锋[1] 焦加国[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [2]江西省红壤研究所,南昌331717

出　　处：《土壤学报》2015年第3期697-705,共9页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41201252)资助

摘　　要：以位于江西省红壤研究所内长期定位试验的水稻土(始于1981年)为研究对象,运用磷脂脂肪酸(phospholipid fatty acid,PLFA)和BIOLOG分析技术研究了不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)及有机肥与化肥混施(NPKM)三种施肥方式对土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明:长期施化肥和有机肥与化肥混施处理的PLFA总量均高于未施肥处理,两者分别较未施肥处理高91%和309%;PLFA主成分分析(PCA)显示施肥促进了土壤微生物群落结构的变化,其中NPKM处理增加了革兰氏阴性细菌(G-细菌)、真菌、放线菌和原生动物的数量,NPK处理增加了革兰氏阳性细菌(G+细菌)的数量,不施肥处理较施肥处理提高了真菌/细菌比例,CK和NPK处理的微生物群落结构更为相似;各施肥处理间土壤的AWCD值(平均每孔颜色变化率,average well color development,AWCD)表明,NPKM处理能够促进土壤微生物群落对碳源的利用能力,进而增加土壤中微生物的整体活性,而NPK处理减弱了土壤微生物的活性。代谢功能多样性分析同时表明,NPKM处理增加了微生物群落的多样性,而NPK处理使土壤微生物的多样性降低;土壤PLFA与土壤养分的相关性分析显示,土壤总PLFA量与土壤有机质和全氮呈极显著相关(p<0.01),与速效养分相关性不大。Based on the long-term fertilization experiment in paddy soil （started in 1981 ） in the Red Soil Institute of Jiangxi Province, China, effects of fertilization methods （CK： No fertilizer; NPK： chemical fertilizer only; and NPKM： chemical fertilizer plus organic manure ） on soil microbial community structure were explored using the phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） method and BIOLOG technique. Results show that the soil applied with NPK or with NPKM was 0.91% or 3.09%, respectively, higher than the soil of CK in total PLFAs. Principal component analysis （ PCA ） of PLFAs shows that fertilization promoted changes in soil microbial community structure. It increased the populations of gram-negative bacteria （ G- bacteria ） , fungi, actinomycetes and protozoa in Treatment NPKM and the population of gram-positive bacteria （ G~ bacteria ） only in Treatment NPK, while the ratio of fungal/bacterial was found to be higher in CK than in Treatments NPK and NPKM. The microbial community structure in CK is very similar to that in Treatment NPK. Comparison between the treatments in Average Well Color Development （ AWCD ） shows that Treatment NPKM improved carbon utilization capacity of its soil microbial community, and hence overall activity of the soil microorganisms, while Treatment NPK weakened activity of the soil microbes. Shannon-Wiener, Simpson and Mclntosh indices show that Treatment NPKM increased soil microbial community diversity, while Treatment NPK did reversely. Correlation analysis of soil PLFAs and soil nutrients shows that soil total PLFAs was extremely significantly related to soil organic matter and total nitrogen （p〈0.01） , but little to soil readily available nutrients.

关 键 词：长期施肥 红壤性水稻土 磷脂脂肪酸 BIOLOG 微生物群落 多样性 

分 类 号：Q142[生物学—生态学] Q936[生物学—普通生物学]