公务员家庭、创业与寻租动机  

Family Background of Civil Servants,Entrepreneurship and Rent-seeking Motives

作　　者：李雪莲[1] 马双[1] 邓翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学经济学院,邮政编码611130

出　　处：《经济研究》2015年第5期89-103,共15页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：2013年度教育部青年基金项目(批准号:13YJC790108);2011年度国家自然科学基金面上项目(批准号:71173149);2014年度国家自然科学基金面上项目(批准号:71473169);2014年度国家自然科学基金面上项目(批准号:71473168)的资助

摘　　要：私有企业作为经济活动的主体之一,创造了60%的国内产值并吸收了约50%以上的城镇就业,对经济增长的作用至关重要。本文借助中国家庭金融调查数据(CHFS),分析了家庭的公务员背景与其创业活力的关系。研究发现,有职位的公务员家庭显著增加了创业概率。男性配偶为公务员且有职位时,女性配偶创业概率增加3.5%。女性配偶为公务员且有职位时,男性配偶创业概率更是显著增加10.3%。研究还发现,家庭公务员背景带来的资金灵活性、较高的人力资本以及更广泛的社会网络均不能解释有职位公务员家庭较高的创业活力。在控制了企业各特征变量后,公务员且有职位家庭的创业获得了明显超过企业平均利润的投资回报。进一步,本文借助中共十八大后中国政府力度空前的反腐举措,对比了201 1—2013年公务员家庭的创业概率,发现2013年有职位的公务员家庭创业活力较2011年显著下降3.2%。寻租动机可能是有职位公务员家庭较高创业活力的真正原因。The private enterprise, as a principal part of economic activity, plays an essential role in economic growth as it has contributed about 60% to the GDP and accounted for about 50% of urban employment. Based on the data from the China Household Finance Survey （CHFS）, this paper makes analyzes the relationship between the public servant backgrounds and the entrepreneurial energies of families. It is found that, the official background of a public servant＇s family may result in a significant increase of 3.5% in the probability of starting an undertaking by the spouse of a male public servant who has gotten a position, or an even more significant increase of 10. 3% for couples in the exact opposite situation. Furthermore, no satisfactory reason eould be found for the higher entrepreneurial energy of a family with its member taking an official position based upon the financing conveniences, high level of human capital or more extensive social network derived from such public servant baekground. In the case of controlling the characteristic variables of enterprises, the return on venture capital of a family with its member taking an official position is more above the average profit level. Additionally, with the experiment that the government made to put forth more efforts to fight corruption after the 18th CPC National Congress, it is found that the entrepreneurial energy in a household with members in official positions has significantly decreased by 3.2% from 2011 to 2013. The rent-seeking motive, therefore, may be the real cause of a household with members in official positions having higher entrepreneurial activity.

关 键 词：公务员家庭 创业 寻租 

分 类 号：D630.3[政治法律—政治学] D669.1[政治法律—中外政治制度] F279.2[经济管理—企业管理]