正向条件推理的神经机制:功能MRI研究  

Neural Mechanisms of Forward Conditional Reasoning: A Functional MRI Study

作　　者：梁佩鹏[1,2] 贾秀琴[1,2] 石林[3] 王德峰[3] 李坤成[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学宣武医院放射科,北京100053 [2]北京市磁共振成像脑信息学重点实验室,北京100053 [3]香港中文大学影像与介入放射学系,香港999077

出　　处：《中国医学影像学杂志》2015年第4期241-244,共4页Chinese Journal of Medical Imaging

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61473196;61105118);北京市科技新星项目(Z12111000250000);认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室开放课题项目(CNLZD1302);十二五国家科技支撑计划项目课题项目(2012BAI10B04)

摘　　要：目的两种正向条件推理肯定前件式(MP)和否定前件式(DA)是日常生活中最常见的两种演绎推理形式,本研究拟探讨两者神经机制的异同。资料与方法本研究设计了3种抽象内容的条件推理,包括MP、DA和基线任务(BS),14名在校大学生参加了事件相关功能MRI(f MRI)实验,男、女各7名,平均年龄(23.4±1.3)岁,对条件推理过程的f MRI数据进行分析。结果两两比较结果显示,MP、DA的平均反应时均显著慢于BS(P<0.001)。对于正确率,条件主效应不显著(P>0.05)。与BS相比,正向推理任务(MP、DA)均激活了左侧额下回(BA 9)、顶下小叶(BA40)和中央后回。将MP推理与DA推理进行比较发现,MP推理比DA推理显著激活了双侧尾状核,而DA推理比MP推理则显著激活了额叶、顶叶、枕叶及扣带回。结论 MP和DA两种正向条件推理既共同激活了左侧额顶区域,又在尾状核及双侧额、顶、枕区呈显著分离,这一结果首次证实了两种正向条件推理具有不同的神经机制,有助于进一步深入揭示条件推理的脑机制。Purpose Two kinds of forward conditional reasoning including modus ponens （MP） and denial of the antecedent （DA） are the most common deductive reasoning in daily life. The present study aimed to explore the difference between the two neural machanisms. Materials and Methods Three kinds of tasks including MP, DA, and baseline were administrated to 14 undergraduates [7 males and 7 females, mean age （23.44± 1.3） years] by using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） technique, fMRI data was analyzed. Results The reaction times were significantly slower for MP and DA than that of BS （P〈0.001）, while the effect was not significant for accuracy. In contrast to baseline, both MP and DA tasks activated the left inferior frontal cortex （BA 9）, inferior parietal Iobule （BA 40）, and postcentral gyrus. Bilateral caudate significant activation was found in MP task when compared with DA, whereas the frontal, parietal, occipital lobe and anterior cingulate cortex were acivated more in the DA than in MP task. Conclusion Both forward conditional reasoning of MP and DA commonly activate the left frontoparietal cortex, while significant dissociations can be seen in the regions of caudate and bilateral frontal, parietal and occipital. These results firstly demonstrates the different neural mechanism underlying the two forward conditional reasoning, which might help to further uncover the brain mechanism of conditional reasoning.

关 键 词：磁共振成像 推理 神经网 额叶 顶叶 枕叶 图像处理 计算机辅助 

分 类 号：R445.2[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学]