学龄前儿童屈光异常及其影响因素分析  

Analysis on ametropia among preschool children and influencing factors

作　　者：周一龙[1] 杨卫华[2] 沈雪芬 

机构地区：[1]浙江省海盐县人民医院眼科,314300 [2]湖州市第一人民医院眼科 [3]海盐县妇幼保健院眼科

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2015年第17期2759-2762,共4页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：浙江省卫生和计划生育委员会一般项目〔20152HB011〕

摘　　要：目的：对省海盐县学龄前儿童屈光异常的发生情况以及可能的影响因素进行调查分析,以期为相关防治措施提供依据。方法：选择2011年3月~2014年3月期间对海盐县20所幼儿园共8 000名幼儿,排除资料不全者,共计7 886例幼儿入选本研究资料。对以上幼儿进行屈光不正检查,对屈光异常幼儿视力进行复查,若幼儿存在视力异常则给予眼科专科检查以排除是否合并有器质性病变。同期对幼儿家长进行相关影响因素的问卷调查。结果：存在弱视的幼儿共1 743名,占复诊幼儿的80.14%,其中远视性1 256名（72.06%）,近视性61名（3.50%）,混合散光426名（24.44%）。弱视屈光类型中远视性占据了绝大多数,但单存在下降的趋势,混合散光的检出率有逐渐上升的趋势。在可能影响学龄前儿童屈光异常的因素中,妊娠期孕产妇的烟酒史、幼儿家族史、早产、过高的用眼频率、出生体重低体重以及家庭低收入等在屈光异常幼儿中所占的比例高于屈光正常的幼儿（P均〈0.05）。结论：对学龄前儿童的屈光筛查应引起儿童眼保健工作者的足够重视,对幼儿屈光不正争取做到早期发现,早期诊断,早期治疗,有利于儿童的健康成长,对我国国民素质的提高有积极的影响。Objective： To investigate and analyze the situation and possible influencing factors of ametropia among preschool children in Haiyan county, provide a basis for conducting related prevention and treatment. Methods： A total of 8 000 preschool children were selected from 20 kindergartens in Haiyan county from March 2011 to March 2014, the preschool children without intact data were excluded, then finally 7 886 preschool children were included in the study. Ametropia examination was conducted among these preschool children, the preschool children with ametropia were reexamined, special ophthalmologic examination was performed among the preschool children with ametropia to exclude the children with organic lesion. The parents were surveyed by a questionnaire about the related influencing factors of ametropia. Results： A total of 1 743 preschool children were found with ametropia, accounting for 80. 14% of the total preschool children receiving reexamination, including 1 256 preschool children （72. 06% ） with hyperopia, 61 preschool children （3.50%） with myopia, and 426 preschool children （24.44%） with mixed astigmatism. Hyperopia was the major type among ametropia in the study, but the detection rate showed a decreasing trend, the detection rate of mixed astigmatism showed a gradually increasing trend. Among the probable influencing factors of ametrepia among the preschool children, the proportions of maternal smoking and drinking history during preg- nancy, family history of preschool children, premature birth, excessive use frequency of eyes, low birth weight, and low family income in the preschool children with ametropia were statistically significantly higher than those in the preschool children without ametropia （ P〈0. 05 ） . Conclusion： The medical workers for children＇s eye health care should pay more attention to vision screening of preschool children, early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment of ametropia among preschool children are beneficial for healthy development

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 屈光异常 影响因素 问卷调查 儿童发育 

分 类 号：R770.421[医药卫生—眼科]