口语句式的主观性表达——以“天气那叫一个冷”为例  

On the Subjectivity in Spoken Mandarin Chinese——Taking“Tianqi Najiao Yige Leng”as an Example

作　　者：林忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆邮电大学,重庆400065

出　　处：《外语学刊》2015年第3期29-34,共6页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：国家社会基金西部项目"介词结构漂移的句法语义接口研究"(13XYY018)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：汉语口语里有些新兴句式构造独特,它们往往是因说话人要突出表达特定意义、个人情感而构建出来的语用结构,具有强烈的主观性。"天气那叫一个冷"结构中,"那"启动一个抽象话题;"叫"由言说类动词虚化为话题评论标记;说明部分通常是被"一个"名词化、个体化的事物的性质特征。3者合力对事物或现象进行明确的定性,从而在普通的描写句基础上构建具有评判功能的语用结构,表达说话人对"冷"的强烈感受。其操作机制在于凸显一般描写句中的自然焦点,这种凸显过程受说话人的即时情感驱动,从而表现出强烈的主观性。Spoken Mandarin Chinese is abound with new and particular sentences which have strong subjectivity of the speakers who are intended to convey some peculiar meanings and strong emotions. In the sentence, such as ＂Tianqi najiao yige leng＂ （The weather is extremely cold）, ＂Na＂ starts a topic conceptually, ＂Jiao＂ stands as a discourse marker of judgment which connects the topic to the comment, and the last part of the structure is characterized with nominalization and individualization via ＂Yige＂. The three parts define the characteristics of the entity or event in the speech context. Accordingly, a judging pragmatic sentence comes out of a common descriptive one, by which the speaker expresses his intense feelings about the cold. The mechanism of the shift is the highlight of the natural focus of the base descriptive sentence driven by simultaneous emotions of the speaker, performing sub- jectivity explicitly.

关 键 词：口语 主观性 语用结构 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]