蚕丝的基础研究与应用: 从纤维到蛋白质的转型  

Basic Research and Application of Bombyx mori Silk: the Transition from Fiber to Protein

作　　者：董照明[1] 张艳[1] 杨佩[1] 赵萍[1] 席星航[1] 夏庆友[1] 

机构地区：[1]家蚕基因组生物学国家重点实验室,西南大学生物技术学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2015年第3期395-404,共10页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划"863"项目(No.2011AA1003-06);国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"项目(No.201-2 CB114600);中国博士后科学基金项目(No.2015 M5-70765)

摘　　要：蚕丝服饰制品兼具华丽的外观与舒适的体感,因而能数千年绵延不衰。进入现代,蚕丝纤维的基础研究在揭示蚕丝优良本质的同时,也促进了蚕丝纤维的改性研究与应用。自从蚕丝蛋白的可塑性被发现后,蚕丝华丽转身为了各式各样的功能材料,在传统服饰行业外的诸多高新产业领域展示了广阔的应用前景。深入研究蚕丝蛋白的组成及其特性的分子机制,不但是丝绸产业发展的科学理论根基,也是蚕丝应用于其他功能材料创制的重要基础。最新的蛋白质组学研究结果表明,蚕丝是一个组分非常复杂的蛋白质复合体,除了早先明确的丝素和丝胶外,还发现了很多具有生物学活性的蛋白质成分。这一发现不但让人们重新认识了蚕丝的组成,也为蚕丝"天衣"的诸多优良品质提供了分子水平的解释。随着对蚕丝蛋白功能与活性的深入研究,将促进蚕丝在医药材料、保健、美容等领域的广泛应用,提升蚕丝产品的附加值。本文简要回顾从蚕丝纤维到蚕丝蛋白的基础研究与应用进展,介绍了新的蚕丝蛋白组分的鉴定和功能研究成果,并就新型蚕丝产品的开发以及蚕丝产业未来的转型与发展进行了分析和展望。Silk clothing products have both gorgeous appearance and comfortable feeling, so they have been cherished for thousands of years. Since the modern times, the basic researches on silk fiber not only revealed its excellent characteristics, but also promoted the modification research and application of silk fiber. After discovering the plasticity of silk protein, silk became a variety of functional materials, and showed broad prospects for application in the fields of many high-tech industries besides the traditional clothing industry. Exploring the composition and molecular mechanism of silk proteins in depth will lay an important foundation for the development of silk industry and silk application as other functional materials. By using the latest proteomics technology, it was found that silk is a very compli- cated protein complex, containing many proteins with biological activities in addition to fibroin and sericin. This finding not only allows people to rediscover the silk composition, but also provides an explanation at molecular level for excellent properties of silk cocoons. Future researches on functions and activities of silk proteins will greatly expand the application of silk in the fields of medical material, health care, and cosmetic, and will improve the additional value of silk products. This paper briefly reviewed the basic research and application from silk fiber to silk protein, presented the research achievements on identification and functional of new silk protein components, and analyzed and forecasted the develop- ment of novel types of s＇ilk products and the transformation and development of futuristic silk industry.

关 键 词：家蚕 蚕丝纤维 蚕丝蛋白 蛋白质组学 功能开发 

分 类 号：TS102.33[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程] S881.3[轻工技术与工程—纺织科学与工程]