三峡库区“桑枝-食用菌-有机肥”资源循环利用模式及效益分析  

Analysis on “Mulberry Branch- Edible Fungus- Organic Fertilizer ”Resource Cyclic Utilization Model and Economic Benefit in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

作　　者：欧阳[1] 熊兴政[1] 刘芸[1] 彭丽媛[1] 陈佳玉[1] 袁孝谦 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2015年第3期577-581,共5页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：西南大学资源环境学院本科生科技创新"光炯"培养项目(No.20120204);国家自然科学基金项目(No.31370602)

摘　　要：桑树因兼具生态功能和经济功能而在三峡库区大面积种植。为了使桑树在促进库区生态恢复的同时发挥提升传统蚕桑产业经济效益的作用,在分析桑枝营养成分含量的基础上,将养蚕生产中废弃的桑枝粉碎后作为基料,用于栽培食用菌秀珍菇和姬菇,并将菌渣制作有机肥。试验结果表明：桑枝屑干物中的粗蛋白、粗纤维质量分数分别达10.52%、51.43%,且各种营养成分均衡;用桑枝屑基料栽培的秀珍菇和姬菇的产量较稻草粉、棉籽壳基料分别提高87.2%、12.0%,85.9%、25.4%,生物学效率分别提高50.3、11.6,53.5、23.5个百分点,生产成本比稻草粉基料降低37.2%;用含桑枝屑的食用菌菌渣制作的有机肥符合国家有机肥质量标准。预测整个三峡库区如果利用桑枝生产食用菌每年可增加产值24.3--35.2亿元,初步认为建立的＂桑枝-食用菌-有机肥＂资源循环经营模式有利于提高三峡库区蚕桑产业的综合效益。Mulberry （Morus L.） has been planted in large area in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China because of its both ecological and economic values. In order to make mulberry play a greater role in ecological restoration and indus- trial economy, we used mulberry branches discarded in sericultural production to culture Pleurotus geesteranus and Pleu- rotus cornucopiae on the basis of mulberry branch nutrient content analysis, and used edible fungi residue to make or- ganic fertilizer. The experimental results showed that mulberry branch has balanced nutritional ingredients and the mass fraction of crude protein and crude fiber in dried mulberry branch chips was 10.52% and 51.43% respectively. Compari- son with rice straw powder and cotton seed hull, the yield of Pleurotus geesteranus and Pleurotus comucopiae cultured with mulberry branch chips was increased by 87.2% and 12.0%,85.9% and 25.4%, the biological efficiency was in- creased by 50.3 and 11.6, 53.5 and 23.5 percentage points, respectively. The production cost of edible fungi cultured with mulberry branch chips was economized by 37.2% compared with that of rice straw powder. The organic fertilize which was made of the edible fungi residue containing mulberry branch chips meets the national organic fertilizer standard. Economic benefit analysis showed that annual output value of mulberry branch cultured-edible fungi industry in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region reached 24.3 to 35.2 billion yuan. According to the preliminary results, the ＂mulberry branch -edible fungus - organic fertilizer＂ resource cyclic utilization model helps to improve the com- prehensive benefits of sericultural industry in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.

关 键 词：蚕桑产业 资源循环利用 桑枝 食用菌 有机肥 生态效益 经济效益 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学] S141[农业科学—园艺学]