认知语言学视域下“蛇”之文化阐幽  

Chinese Ancient People's Cultural Realization of Snakes from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics

作　　者：黄交军[1] 李国英 

机构地区：[1]贵阳学院文化传媒学院,贵州贵阳550005 [2]贵阳市青岩贵璜中学,贵州贵阳550027

出　　处：《广东技术师范学院学报》2015年第6期85-99,共15页Journal of Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University

基　　金：贵阳学院院级项目立项资助:<说文解字>与中国先民生态文化研究(项目主持人:黄交军;项目编号:10976200903);贵阳学院文化传媒学院创新项目:文化人类学视野下的身份困惑与民族秘史--话说贵州穿青族的前世今生(项目主持人:黄交军;项目编号:201411)

摘　　要：以《说文》中与蛇相关的字词解说为对象,从认知语言学的视域,在类典型、象似性、隐喻性等角度考察了中国初民的蛇文化意识,发现初民对蛇分类精细、认知充分,蛇乃古代中国绝大多数动物尤其是爬行动物类的原型。蛇类诸字围绕中心成员通过家族相似性组成了一个种类繁多、异彩纷呈的蛇族世界,建构了一个内容丰富、意义完整的事物范畴,蛇类词汇形成了古人认知世界、体验生命的基本层次范畴。"它"(蛇)由一爬行动物发展为第三人称代词,见证了其在初民社会中的重要性,故能语法化。蛇类部首或作意符,或兼声符,将其特征通过象似性投射分布到各个字族,并通过频繁的诗文隐喻,映照出汉民族的认知模型,凝筑成一个独具特色的文化模式,迥异于西方文化,成为东西方文化比较的一个经典例证。By referring to the explanation of words and explanations related to snakes in Shuowen （Origin of Chinese Characters）, this paper investigates ancient people＇s realization of snake culture from the perspective of typicality, iconicity, metaphor in cognitive linguistics, finding that the ancient people had fine classification and sufficient cognition of snakes, constructing a category about things of abundant contents and of complete meanings. The vocabularies about snakes constituted the basic category with which ancient people perceived the world and experienced the life. It （The snake） developed from a reptile to a third person pronoun. In this way, we witness its importance in ancient society, resulting in its grammaticalization. Many features of snakes are distributed in eve~ word family by iconicity, mapping ancient people＇s cognitive model. Through metaphor, it was infiltrated into the cultural content of the Huaxia nationality＇s group psychology, constructing a special cuhural model different from western one and becoming a classic example of comparison between the eastern and western culture.

关 键 词：认知语言学 蛇文化 类典型 象似性 隐喻性 文化模式 

分 类 号：H059[语言文字—语言学]