面向在线学习的知识导图学习模式  

Online Learning Models Based on Knowledge Map

作　　者：罗国权[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南开放大学,云南昆明650223

出　　处：《开放教育研究》2015年第3期98-105,共8页Open Education Research

摘　　要：要使学习者在网络上有效学习,必须使用在线设计的思维方式解构知识内容。本研究分析了知识的结构,论述了作为知识的学习素材可以被解构成知识点、微知识和知识树,提出了知识导图的概念,阐述了适合初级学习者和高级学习者的知识导图学习模式。学习者通过解构学习素材提炼知识点、分解微知识和构建知识树,在制作知识导图的过程中实现知识学习。初级学习者是在选择知识点和构建知识树的过程中学习,而高级学习者则是在解构知识素材和构建知识导图的过程中学习。本文的结论是:基于知识导图的学习模式可以帮助学习者从初级学习者提升为高级学习者,训练学习者学会自主学习是适合现代教育和终身教育的一种学习方式。另外,本文论述了基于知识导图的在线学习平台的设计、在线学习模式的设计和在线学习过程的评价。Online learning has become one of the common ways of gaining knowledge in the Internet age when the learning-oriented society creates new educational ideologies and modes of education. To take advantage of online learning, we cannot simply transplant classroom teaching methods to online learning such as using text books, demonstration lessons, public courses and class tests, but rather need to improve traditional teaching and classroom learning in online settings. According to the structuralism, learning process is a construction of knowledge by learners under the guidance of teachers. We argue that the thinking model in online design can help learners to study efficiently with computer software. We therefore conclude that efficient online learning should make learners to study in a process of construction of knowledge using the same thinking method as that used in online design. According to the analysis of the structure and deconstruction of knowledge, the learning materials of knowledge have a tree-shaped structure, which can be described as a tree map that includes a series of key knowledge at different levels. The concept of the knowledge map consists of a knowledge tree and key knowledge with micro knowledge. Under the guidance and assessment of teachers as well as using computers, learner deconstruct learning materials to a knowledge map . This is actually the process of learning for most learners. We formulate learning method for beginners and senior learners according to the knowledge map. This allows learner-centered online learning. To practice this learning method, we program a software that guide learners to extract key knowledge and decompose micro-knowledge from the learning materials, and to build a knowledge tree. Results show that learners can acquire knowledge in a process of deconstructing the learning materials into a knowledge map, by which beginners construct a knowledge tree by selecting the right knowledge and senior learners construct a knowledge map by deconstructing the learning mate

关 键 词：学习科学 在线学习 结构主义 知识导图 知识点 微课程 

分 类 号：G40-057[文化科学—教育学原理]