近年来安海湾及邻近海域春季大型底栖动物群落结构的变化  

Changes of macrobenthic community structure in Anhai Bay and its adjacent sea in spring of recent years

作　　者：林俊辉[1] 林和山[1] 王建军[1] 何雪宝[1] 黄雅琴[1] 郑凤武[1] 李荣冠[1] 郑成兴[1] 江锦祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《应用海洋学学报》2015年第2期227-234,共8页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基　　金：国家海洋局海洋生态环境科学与工程重点实验室资助项目(MESE-2014-02);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41306115);国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(海三科2011034;海三科2013006)

摘　　要：根据2008、2010、2013年3个年度春季在安海湾及邻近海域7个站位的生态调查数据，对该海域的大型底栖动物种类组成及其群落变化进行研究．结果表明：调查海域春季大型底栖动物共计198种，种类组成上以多毛类和甲壳动物为主，不同年度的物种数由2008年的98种逐次增至2013年的118种，且软体动物比例呈上升趋势．单因素相似性分析表明3个年度的群落结构不存在显著差异，但历年调查的优势种组成已有所变化，尤其是2013年的优势种明显不同于前2个年度．3个年度的平均密度介于369∽780个／m2，平均生物量介于23．22～40．10 g／m2，物种丰富度指数 d 介于3．693～4．265，多样性指数 H′介于3．076～3．782，密度逐次降低，生物量2010年最低，而物种丰富度指数 d 和多样性指数 H′呈现2010年最高，前后年度低的特点．空间分布上，安海湾外的站位平均物种数和多样性指数 H′高于湾内．聚类结果表明，安海湾内外的群落相似性低，且优势种组成明显差异．与1989年相比，安海湾底栖动物群落发生明显改变．迹象表明，较之前2个年度，2013年安海湾底栖动物群落出现新变化．Based on the ecological survey at 7 stations in Anhai Bay and its adjacent sea in springs of 2008,2010 and 2013,macrobenthic species composition and community structures were analyzed.The results showed that a to-tal of 198 macrobenthic species were recorded and it was dominated by polychaetes and crustaceans.The total spe-cies number increased gradually from 98 in 2008 to 118 in 2013 with the increment of molluscs.There was no sig-nificant difference in community structure among years except for dominant species,especially in 2013 when domi-nant species completely differred from 2008 and 2010.The average densities of macrobenthos was from 369 inds/m2 and 780 inds/m2 ,the average biomass from 23.22 g/m2 to 40.10 g/m2 .Margalef species richness index ranged＆amp;nbsp;from 3.693 to 4.265,and Shannon-Wiener diversity index from 3.076 to 3.782 in these 3 years.Density declined gradually while biomass was the lowest in 2010.Margalef richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index showed the values were higher in 2010 than in 2008 and 2013.The species numbers per station and Shannon-Wie-ner diversity index H′were generally higher in the outer than the inner Anhai Bay by spatial distribution.Cluster a-nalysis showed that the similarity of community structures between the inner and the outer Anhai Bay was low and composition of dominant species were quite different.Recent macrobenthic communites changed significantly com-pared with that in 1989.Besides,it suggested that macrobenthic communites in Anhai Bay might have new changes in 2013 compared with 2008 and 2010.

关 键 词：海洋生物学 大型底栖动物 群落结构 春季 安海湾 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学]