滴灌水氮运筹对糯玉米生理和水分利用的影响  

The Effect of Drip Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization Strategy on Physiology and Water Use of Sticky Maize

作　　者：傅丰贝 何文[1,2,3] 李伏生[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,南宁530005 [2]广西喀斯特地区节水农业新技术院士工作站,南宁530005 [3]广西高校作物栽培学与耕作学重点实验室,南宁530005

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2015年第5期26-30,共5页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2011AA100504);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题项目(XDA05070403)

摘　　要：为了寻找交替滴灌下糯玉米适宜的水氮运筹方式,通过盆栽试验,研究了2种滴灌方式和7种施氮处理对糯玉米生理、干物质积累和水分利用效率（WUE）的影响。结果表明,与常规滴灌（CDI）相比,交替滴灌（ADI）显著提高叶片光合速率和WUE,耗水量降低19.7%～24.1%,而玉米干物质积累略有提高,玉米WUE提高34.9%～50.0%。与不施N肥（F0）相比,施氮处理叶片WUE显著提高6.6%～33.3%,CDI和ADI下地上部干物质量分别提高18.9%～53.7%和18.3%～62.0%,总干物质量分别提高18.3%～53.1%和19.8%～36.9%。此外,施氮处理和灌水方式存在着显著的互作效应,以ADI配合40%基肥＋60%滴灌追肥（F4）处理对糯玉米生理、干物质积累和水分利用效率的效果最好。与F0-CDI相比,F4-ADI叶片WUE、地上部干物质量、总干物质量和玉米WUE分别提高121.1%、67.7%、66.8%和102.4%。因此在本试验条件下,交替滴灌配合40%基肥＋60%滴灌追肥是最佳滴灌水肥运筹方式。In order to find out the suitable water and nitrogen（N）strategy for sticky maize under drip irrigation,the effects of two irrigation methods and seven N fertilization treatments on physiology,dry mass accumulation and water use efficiency（WUE）of sticky maize were investigated by using apot experiment.The results show that compared to conventional drip irrigation（CDI）,alternate drip irrigation（ADI）significantly increased leaf photosynthetic rate and WUE,reduced water consumption by 19.7% ～24.1%,and enhanced maize dry mass slightly and maize WUEby 34.9%～50.0%.Compared to no N fertilizer（F0）,other N treatments increased leaf WUE by 6.6% ～33.3%,shoot dry mass by 18.9% ～53.7% and 18.3% ～62.0%,and total dry mass by18.3%～53.1% and 19.8%～36.9% under the CDI and ADI,respectively.There was a significant interaction between N fertilization and irrigation method,the combination of ADI and 40% N as basal fertilizer and 60% N as topdressing fertilizer via drip irrigation（F4）had better effects on physiology,dry mass accumulation and water use efficiency of sticky maize.Compared to F0-CDI,F4？ADI increased leaf WUE,shoot and total dry masses,and maize WUE by 121.1%,67.7%,66.8% and 102.4%,respectively.Thus the combination of 40% N as base fertilizer and 60% N as topdressing via drip irrigation and ADI was the optimal drip irrigation and nitrogen fertilization strategy in this study.

关 键 词：糯玉米 水氮运筹 生理 干物质积累 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S143.1[农业科学—农业工程]