生物质炭的特性及其应用的研究进展  

Review of Characteristics of Biochar and Research Progress of Its Applications

作　　者：孔丝纺[1] 姚兴成 张江勇[1] 姚晓东[1] 曾辉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学深圳研究生院//深圳市循环经济重点实验室,广东深圳518055 [2]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2015年第4期716-723,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(41201532);国家自然科学基金重大项目(41390240);广东省自然科学基金项目(2014A030313720);深圳市战略性新兴产业发展专项资金项目(JCYJ20120614151558529)

摘　　要：生物质炭是生物质原料在完全绝氧或部分缺氧条件下经高温热裂解产生的一类富碳、高度芳香化和高稳定性的固体产物。作为新型多功能材料,生物质炭以其特殊的物理结构、丰富的表面性能和优良的生态环境效应等特点日益成为众多学科研究的前沿热点。文章介绍了生物质炭的基本性质,概括了生物质炭在农业、环境、能源及生物质炭基功能材料等4个前沿领域的国内外应用研究进展,分析了目前各个应用领域研究存在的问题和不足,并指出了未来生物质炭应用研究的前景和方向。国内外研究表明:生物质炭因其丰富的孔隙结构和表面性能、巨大的比表面积、高含量的植物生长所需营养元素、较高的化学稳定性和较强的阳离子交换能力(CEC,cation exchange capacity),在土壤改良剂、固碳、氮减排、缓释肥料载体、污水治理、烟气净化、土壤修复、固体成型燃料、燃料电池、固体酸催化剂和电极材料等领域具有巨大的应用前景。这些方面的研究都取得了一定的进展,但目前生物质炭应用技术的研究还处于起步阶段,研究工作还有待于深入和加强。Biochar is the solid residue with high carbon content, most aromatic structure and great stability resulting from high-temperature thermal conversion of biomass materials under the completely or partially anoxic condition. As a new multifunctional material, biochar has attracted extensive concern and become research focus at home and abroad because of its special physical structure, rich surface properties, and excellent ecological and environmental effects. In this paper, the basic properties of biochar were firstly introduced. Then the research progress of its application in the fields of agriculture, environment, energy and function material were summarized in detail. The current problems and insufficiency existing in biochar application studies were discussed. In addition, possible hotspots for future study on biochar were analyzed. Due to its abundant pore structure and surface properties,large specific surface area,high contents of essential nutrients for plants, high chemical stability and cation exchange capacity （CEC, cation exchange capacity）, biochar has great application prospect and got certain research progress in soil amendment,carbon （nitrogen） sequestering and greenhouses （nitrogen） emission reduction,slow-release fertilizer carrier, wastewater treatment, flue gas purification, soil restoration, solid molding fuel, fuel cell, solid acid catalyst and electrode materials. However, the biochar application technology research is still in its infancy, so there are still many problems in the application areas, which need to be improved. Future research would focus on the following aspects： the environmental risk and influence mechanism of biochar to the function of soil and agricultural ecosystem; the influence law of migration and effectiveness of biochar to pollutants in different media and biochar adsorption mechanism of different pollutants; development of a new adhesive with high bondability, low cost and high environmental performance and an optimized biochar fuel molding process; i

关 键 词：生物质炭 农业 环境 能源 功能材料 

分 类 号：X142[环境科学与工程—环境科学]