基于安全与效率的交通事件下高速公路长大下坡限速值  

Speed Limit Value Based on Safety and Efficiency for Long and Steep Downhill of Expressway Under Traffic Incident

作　　者：梁国华[1] 钱国敏 李瑞[1] 张旭[1] 陈志乾[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学公路学院,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2015年第5期117-124,共8页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(0009-2014G1211011;2013G1211009;2013G2212024);陕西省交通运输厅交通科技项目(14-32R)

摘　　要：选取冲突率和排队长度分别作为安全与效率的表征指标,通过对交通事件下车辆换道和最小跟驰安全间隙的分析,建立了长大下坡路段元胞自动机模型规则和仿真方案,得到了冲突率和排队长度随不同限速值的变化规律。根据安全与效率对限速值变化的灵敏度不同,采用加权平均方法计算最优限速值。最后,基于货车制动毂温度预测模型验证限速值对货车的适用范围。研究结果表明:三级服务水平下,平均纵坡为3%,4%,5%的长大下坡的限速值分别为60,60,50km·h-1;四级服务水平下,平均纵坡为3%,4%,5%的长大下坡的限速值均为50km·h-1;对于货车要进一步根据极限坡长进行判断,若实际坡长小于极限坡长,则采用仿真限速值,反之采用制动毂温度预测模型计算货车限速值。Conflict rate and queue length were selected respectively as the characterization of safety and efficiency index. By analyzing the security clearance of the vehicle lane changing and the minimum car-following under traffic incident, cellular automata model rules and the simulation program on the long and steep downhill road were set up, and change law of conflict rate and queue length with the different speed limit values was obtained. According to different sensitivity of the safety and efficiency to the change of speed limit, weighted average method was used to calculate the optimal speed limit. At last, application scope of speed limit for truck was verified based on the truck brake hub temperature prediction model. The results show that at the third service level, the speed limit values of the long and steep downhill, of which the average longitudinal gradient is 3%, 4%, 5%, are 60, 60, 50 km h-1 respectively. At the fourth service level, the limit speeds of the long and steep downhill, of which the average longitudinal gradient is 3%, 4%, 5%, are 50 km h-1. For trucks, it should be additionally considered according to the limit slope length. If the actual slope length is less than the limit slope length,then the speed limit values from simulation are used, whereas the limit truck speeds are calculated by use of the brake hub temperature prediction model.

关 键 词：交通工程 限速值 元胞自动机 交通事件 

分 类 号：U491.2[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]