果园柔性对靶喷雾装置设计与试验  

Design and experiment of orchard flexible targeted spray device

作　　者：宋淑然[1,2,3] 陈建泽[3] 洪添胜[1,2,4] 张丞[4] 代秋芳[3] 薛秀云[3] 

机构地区：[1]南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室,广州510642 [2]国家柑橘产业技术体系机械研究室,广州510642 [3]华南农业大学电子工程学院,广州510642 [4]华南农业大学工程学院,广州510642

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第10期57-63,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203016);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-27);2013年广东省"扬帆计划"引进创新创业团队专项(201312G06);2012年度广东省高等学校教学质量与教学改革工程本科类立项建设项目(粤教高函[2012]204号)

摘　　要：为确定果园柔性对靶喷雾装置的喷雾控制策略,并测定对应方式下不同树冠直径的雾滴沉积率,该文使用自制的果园柔性对靶喷雾机样机,用连续喷雾方式以及3种不同控制方式的对靶喷雾对株距为4 m、树高为1.7 m、树冠直径为1.1 m的模拟靶标进行了喷雾试验,测定了对应方式下的靶标上的雾滴沉积率。试验结果表明,连续喷雾方式下的雾滴沉积率为40.3%;3种对靶喷雾方式下的雾滴沉积率分别为50.4%、77.8%、86.0%,均高于连续喷雾方式下的雾滴沉积率,由此选定了对靶喷雾方式Ⅲ作为果园柔性对靶喷雾装置的喷雾控制策略。在对靶喷雾方式Ⅲ控制策略下,对株距为4 m、树高为1.7 m、树冠直径为2.1 m的模拟靶标进行了对靶喷雾试验,测得其雾滴沉积率为88.4%;同时发现无靶标区域内的雾滴沉积量明显小于模拟靶标区域,雾滴沉积的对靶特性明显;在模拟树冠中间区域的雾滴沉积量均高于模拟树冠边缘区域,符合实际果树树冠对药液的需求。该研究为进一步提高柔性对靶喷雾装置的雾滴沉积率和优化其喷雾技术参数提供参考。Continual spray has low efficiency and can cause large waste of pesticides. It can contaminate the soil and water environment. In contrast, targeted spray can reduce the droplets deposition on non-target areas to ensure the spray effect and to reduce pesticide. In order to solve these problems, a flexible targeted spray device has been developed. This device is composed of the flexible targeted spray unit and the target detection unit. The length of the device is 4.5 m, and the width is 1.5 m. The height of the spray support frame of this device can be adjusted during the range of 2.0-3.0 m. The flexible targeted spray unit consists of pesticide container support frame, a 400 L pesticide container, a diaphragm pump, a solenoid valve, a spray support frame, flexible pipes and nozzles group, which is mounted on the three-point hitch of DFH MS-304 tractor. The size （length, width and height） of support frame of pesticide container is 1.5 m × 0.8 m × 1.0 m. The support frame is divided into 2 layers. A 400 L horizontal pesticide container is placed on the upper and a diaphragm pump is placed on the lower. Diaphragm pump is connected with the solenoid valve, and is driven by the tractor PTO shaft. The solenoid valve is connected by the flexible pipes which are connected with the nozzles. To select the most appropriate spray method of the device, 4 spray methods are designed to test the droplet deposition rate. The first method is continual spray that the solenoid valve normally opens, i.e. the nozzles have been always in a state of spray. The second approach is targeted spray I by using ultrasonic distance measurement sensors close to the head sensor or the back sensor of the truck. The solenoid valve will open to spray when the relative position of spray unit and canopy is under the condition like that head sensor detects that there is a tree below the spray unit and the back sensor is unable to detect the target, and it will stop spraying under the condition like that head sensor is unable to detect the target

关 键 词：农业机械 喷雾 果园 柔性 超声波 激光测距 雾滴沉积 

分 类 号：S491[农业科学—植物保护]