1990—2010年淮河流域人类活动净氮输入  

Net anthropogenic nitrogen input to Huaihe River Basin,China during 1990-2010

作　　者：张汪寿[1,2] 苏静君[1] 杜新忠[1,2] 李叙勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心/城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第6期1831-1839,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家留学基金项目(201408110138);国家自然科学基金项目(41171395);城市与区域生态国家重点实验室自主课题项目(SKLURE2013-1-05);中国科学院"一三五"项目(YSW2013B02)资助

摘　　要：1990—2010年,淮河流域粮食产量由6414×104t增长到10121×104t(增幅为58%),城市化率由13%增长到35%(涨幅为22%),流域社会经济发生了显著变化.从流域整体定量评估人类活动所带来的生态环境影响将为区域生态环境管理提供科学依据.本文估算淮河流域1990—2010年人类活动净氮输入(NANI)的空间分布及变化趋势.结果表明:研究期间,淮河流域氮输入量呈现出增加趋势;1990—2001年流域内氮输入量快速增加,2001年后氮输入增加趋势减缓.1990年氮输入量为17232 kg N·km-2·a-1,2003年氮输入量最高,为28771 kg N·km-2·a-1,2010年回落为26415 kg N·km-2·a-1.从氮输入的组成上来看,化肥和大气氮沉降仍然是最主要的输入来源,其次为食品/饲料和生物固氮的输入.化肥和大气沉降输入占总氮输入的比例持续增加,由1990年的64%和16%分别增长至2010年的77%和19%.单纯以增施化肥来实现粮食增产、化石燃料大量燃烧来推动经济发展的观念,应切实转变到改善农业耕种技术、实现新能源的发展轨道上来,进而推动社会经济的可持续发展.Social economy in Huaihe River Basin had undergone enormous changes during 1990- 2010. The grain yield had increased by 58%, from 64.14 million tons to 101.21 million tons, and the urbanization rate had increased by 22%, from 13% to 35%. Assessing the negative impacts of these high intensive human activities caused by rapid social development on terrestrial ecosystem would serve as a scientific basis for quantitative management of regional ecology. This paper esti- mated the spatial and temporal distribution of net anthropogenic nitrogen input （NANI） in Huaihe River Basin during 1990-2010. The results showed that there was an increasing trend in NANI in the period of 1990-2001, and after that this trend was slower. The NANI increased from approxi- mately 17232 kg N · km-2 · a-1 in 1990 to a peak of 28771 kg N · km-2 · a-1 in 2003, and then declined to 26415 kg N · km-2 · a-1 in 2010. Chemical fertilizer and atmospheric deposition were the largest two sources of NANI, followed by food tions from both chemical fertilizer and atmospheric ＆ feed import and biological nitrogen. Contribu- deposition had been increasing continuously, re- spectively from 64% and 16% in 1990 to 77% and 19%. Our findings implied that the shift from fertilizer-supported agriculture and fossil fuel-supported industry to sci-tech lead economic develop- ment is urgently needed.

关 键 词：人类活动净氮输入(NANI) 淮河流域 氮污染 氮收支平衡 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]