黑格尔的法权哲学和马克思的批判——两种政治哲学观念的交锋  

Hegel's Philosophy of Right and Marx's Critique

作　　者：赵敦华[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系,外国哲学研究所

出　　处：《哲学研究》2015年第6期68-77,129,共10页Philosophical Research

基　　金：国家社科重大招标项目"20世纪中国传统哲学与马克思主义哲学;西方哲学关系研究"(编号13&ZD056)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文把黑格尔对法权制度的历史经验阐述从辩证逻辑体系中抽象出来,展开了黑格尔对现代社会国家合理性的哲学论证,并为理解马克思《黑格尔法哲学批判》的笔记准备条件。本文分析出马克思的笔记中逻辑学批判、政治批判和经验批判的三重要素,强调马克思与黑格尔的冲突集中于"中介"是否能够调和矛盾的问题。本文在强调马克思对革命民主主义论证的同时,也分析了他当时不成熟的思想带来的误解,并指出马克思通过黑格尔最终发现了私有制是政治国家和市民社会的基础,由此开始走向政治经济学批判。This article attempts to explicate Hegel's political philosophy from historic-empirical perspectives rather than from dialectics of logic categories.Focusing on issuers such as 'in which social systems man is free' and 'to what extent and in what degree man is free',we reconstruct Hegel's dialectic movement of free will into three phrases of freedom,namely,the lower freedom having existed since ancient time,the human freedom obtaining in the civil society and the concrete system in the modern state.The reconstruction of Hegel's arguments enables us to understand Marx's critique properly.We analyze Marx's notes in 1843 into three kinds of logical,political and empirical critique.The analysis shows that Marx distinguished himself from Hegel by a non-conciliating view of contraries through mediation.Some misunderstanding might prevent Marx from deepening his demonstration of the legitimacy of a radical democratic politics.As soon as Marx realized that the private property was the foundation of both civil society and political state,he started the critique of political economy in 1844.

关 键 词：现实性 市民社会 农民等级 费尔巴哈 

分 类 号：B516.35[哲学宗教—外国哲学]