辅助镇痛药物在癌痛治疗中的应用进展  

Progress on application of adjuvant analgesics in cancer pain management

作　　者：邵月娟[1] 王昆[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学肿瘤医院疼痛治疗科,国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心,天津市肿瘤防治重点实验室,天津市300060

出　　处：《中国肿瘤临床》2015年第10期530-534,共5页Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:81201065)资助~~

摘　　要：辅助镇痛药物是指作用机制各不相同、原本用于治疗某种疾病,之后发现兼具镇痛作用的一组药物。由于癌痛机制复杂,所以经常需要阿片药物、非甾体类药物和辅助药物联合镇痛。根据WHO三阶梯镇痛原则,辅助药物可以用于癌痛治疗的任何一个阶梯,与阿片类药物联合应用具有协同镇痛、减少阿片类药物用量、减轻阿片类药物不良反应的作用,尤其适用于对阿片类药物部分敏感的神经病理性疼痛。常用的辅助镇痛药物包括:抗抑郁药、抗惊厥药、局部用药、皮质类固醇激素以及NMDA受体拮抗剂等,这些药物在辅助镇痛时与原本治疗疾病的用法用量有所不同,临床医生应该熟知其不良反应,并从小剂量开始,经过数天或数周的逐步加量达到最佳效果与不良反应的平衡。Adjuvant analgesics refer to a group of drugs that are used not only to treat certain diseases but also to induce analge-sia. Such drugs demonstrate different mechanisms based on the complexity of cancer pain. Thus, opioids, nonsteroidal drugs, and adju-vant analgesics are often combined to control cancer pain. According to the WHO three-step analgesic ladder, adjuvant analgesics can be used at any cancer stage, and the usage of these drugs combined with opioids can reduce the required dosages of these pain relievers, thereby alleviating the adverse reactions associated with opioid use. Moreover, these drugs are particularly suitable for neuropathic pain patients who are not fully sensitive to opioids. The commonly used adjuvant analgesics include antidepressants, anticonvulsants, local administration drugs, corticosteroids, and N-methyl-D-aspartate （NMDA） receptor antagonists. Various adjuvant analgesics also differ in usage and dosage based on primary disease treatment. Therefore, clinical doctors should determine the adverse reactions, proper dos-age, and subsequent amount of dosage to be added in a few days or weeks to achieve balance between the desired effect and adverse re-actions.

关 键 词：辅助镇痛药物 癌症 疼痛治疗 

分 类 号：R730.5[医药卫生—肿瘤]