论清代广东书院的课程理念与教学模式  

Curriculum Rationales and Teaching Patterns in Guangdong Academies in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：周艳红[1] 王建军[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学公共管理学院,广州510006

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2015年第1期104-111,共8页Journal of East China Normal University:Educational Sciences

摘　　要：古代的"课程"是指学生根据考课目标而自我安排的学习规程。清代广东书院存在着两种课程模式,一种为应付科举而设置,一种为崇尚经史古学而设置。这一差异导致了"无课程"与"有课程"之书院的分野,展现了两类书院不同的教学风格,进而导致不同的教学效果:"无课程"书院注重围绕科举内容进行考课,这导致书院生徒不能潜心做学问,而有追求科名等沽名钓誉之行为;"有课程"之书院注重经史教学,强调学问的经世致用,进而保障生徒的自主学习,体现出对传统教育本真的回归,这是晚清书院改革的精髓所在。Ancient curriculum refers to students＇ self-regulated learning processes according to the de- fined test objectives. Based on the data about learning rules in Guangdong academies in the Qing Dynasty, we discuss two patterns of curriculum, one was designed for imperial examinations and the other was designed to promote the learning of ancient history. This difference resulted in the dividing line between the ＂course-fo- cused＂ academy and the ＂non-course＂ academy, as well as two distinctive teaching styles, leading to differ- ent teaching effects. In the ＂non-course＂ academy, teaching tended to focus on the content of imperial exami- nations and the students were eager for fame instead of knowledge. On the other hand, the ＂course＂ focused＂ academy focused on practical learning, emphasized ethos connoted learning, and ensured students＇ self-regu- lated learning. This showed teaching returned to the authenticity of the traditional education, i.e. the essence of academy reform in the late Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：清代广东书院 有课程 无课程 理念 模式 

分 类 号：G649.299[文化科学—高等教育学]