农村学生营养改善计划地区学生营养知识状况  

Nutritional knowledge among rural students received Nutrition Improvement Program

作　　者：徐海泉[1] 张倩[1] 甘倩[1] 李荔[1] 张帆[1] 潘慧[1] 胡小琪[1] 马冠生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,北京100050

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2015年第5期666-668,672,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的了解我国农村义务教育阶段学生营养改善计划（以下简称＂农村学生营养改善计划＂）地区学生营养知识知晓状况,为我国农村学生营养改善及相关政策的实施提供数据参考。方法选取实施＂农村学生营养改善计划＂的50个重点监测县,每县按照学校食堂供餐、企业（单位）供餐和混合供餐等3种供餐模式,每种模式各随机抽取2所小学和初中学校,从小学三年级以上及初中每个年级中各随机抽取1-2个班。达到每个年级40人左右,男、女生基本各半,共29 317名。采用自填＂学生调查表＂,收集学生基本信息和营养知识相关信息。结果学生营养知识平均（3.6±1.7）分,初中生（3.9±1.7）高于小学生（3.3±1.7））（t值分别为-4.69,-29.37,P值均〈0.01）,乡镇学校学生（3.6±1.7）及县城学校学生（3.6±1.6）高于农村学校学生（3.3±1.7）（t=48.57,P值均〈0.01）。各知识点知晓率为21.5%-51.4%。以对健康的理解（59.5%）和维生素和矿物质食物来源（59.5%）的知晓率较高,对促进长个子的营养素知晓率最低（21.5%）,初中生知晓率要高于小学生。学生营养知识来源途径以课本（56.7%）和校园宣传或课堂教学（54.9%）为主。结论 ＂农村学生营养改善计划＂试点地区学生营养知识水平较低,营养知识来源途径仍以学校传播为主。应积极利用校园资源开展营养健康教育,提高学生营养知识水平。Objective To assess nutritional knowledge among rural students received Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students（ NIPRCES）,and to provide evidence for better implementation of NIPRCES. Methods Among 50 monitoring counties where Compulsory Education Student Nutrition Improvement Program was implemented,two primary schools and two junior schools were selected randomly according to different food supply pattern（ school canteen-,company-,and mix-）. One or two classes from each grade were randomly selected from grade 3 to grade 9. Questionnaire regarding nutritional knowledge was conducted among 29 317 students. Results The average nutritional knowledge score was（3. 6 ± 1. 7）,junior middle school students（3. 9 ± 1. 7） higher than primary students（3. 3 ± 1. 7）; village students（3. 3 ± 1. 7） lower than township students（3. 6 ± 1. 7） and county students（3. 6 ± 1. 6）. The accurate rates of all questions ranged from 21. 5% to 51. 4%. The main sources of nutritional knowledge were textbook（56. 7%） and campus publicity（ or nutrition course,54. 9%）. Conclusion The NIPRCES students are lack of nutritional knowledge. School-based nutritional education should consider the needs and interests of students.

关 键 词：知识 农村人口 学生 营养调查 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R155[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]