堆肥低温起爆微生物筛选及其初步应用  

Cold-Tolerant Bacteria Screening and Its Inoculation in Composting at Low Temperatures

作　　者：魏自民[1] 王佰洁 赵越[1] 席北斗[2] 郭悠然[1] 解新宇 李雪[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学生命科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]中国环境科学研究院水环境系统工程研究室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2015年第6期981-986,共6页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51178090);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAJ21B00)

摘　　要：为解决北方寒冷地区因低温导致有机废弃物处理周期漫长且效率低等问题,采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术与传统平板培养相结合的方法,从低温堆肥中分离出19株嗜冷细菌,并采用序列引导分离分子生物学技术,最终获得目标优势菌株CY1.将CY1与筛选的糖、淀粉、蛋白质分解菌株CY14、CY17和CY19复配成低温复合菌剂,研究优化组合菌剂对低温鸡粪堆肥的影响.结果表明,堆肥至第6天时,复合菌剂处理(T)堆料中w(OM)(OM为有机质)下降了12.64%;水溶性有机物(DOM)三维荧光光谱显示,低温复合菌剂处理类蛋白峰(峰T)的荧光峰强度下降了44.10%,类腐殖酸峰(峰C)的荧光峰强度上升了39.00%.添加复合菌剂能够提高堆肥低温起爆效率,可为我国北方寒冷地区低温堆肥提供技术优化.This study was conducted to screen cold-tolerant bacteria from different materials based on polymerase chain reaction- degeneration gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE） combined with traditional plate culture. The biodegradability was also assessed after inoculation composting of chicken manure at low culture temperatures. 19 cold-adapted bacteria strains were isolated from low temperature compost samples. Dominant bacteria CY1 （Psychrobacter sp. ） was selected through a simple, high-throughput, PCR-based surveillance method （plate wash PC R）. Mixed with CY14 （Arthrobacter sp. ）, CY17 （Bacillus sp. ） and C Y19 （Paenibacillus sp. ） in a mixture of cold-tolerant strains, it could efficiently degrade sugar, starch and protein at low temperature. In order to assess the biodegradability of the mixture of cold-tolerant strains, chicken manure composting with inoculation （T） was conducted at low temperature （4 ℃）. Compared to the initial stage of composting, the concentration of organic matter （OM） decreased by 12.64%. According to the three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectra of dissolved organic matter （DOM） , fluorescence intensity of Peak T （protein-like matter） in T decreased by 44. 10% , while that of Peak C （humic-like substances） increased by 39.00% at the final stage of composting. The results indicated that the cold-tolerant strains could remain active at low temperature, and that initial startup of the composting system could proceed at cold regions of Northeast China.

关 键 词：堆肥 低温起爆 复合菌剂 变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE) 荧光光谱 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]