上海商总联会的形成、重组及其性质  

The Formation,Restruction and Nature of the Amalgamated Association of Street Unions of Shanghai

作　　者：彭南生[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学中国近代史研究所,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2015年第3期136-146,共11页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"民国时期上海马路商界联合会资料整理与研究"(11JJD770013)

摘　　要：五四运动后,在各马路商联会基础上形成的商总联会,以日益高涨的民族意识作为动员和集结中下层商人的工具理性,以"不出代议士不纳租税"为手段,在抵制公共租界的增捐斗争和争取市民权运动中,集中展现了租界内中下层华商的整体力量。但是,在变幻莫测的国内政局中,中小商人政治上的幼稚性、复杂的政治派系与地域性商帮的争夺,导致组织分裂。新、老两总会的分立,造成华商整体力量的分散与弱化,各路商联会要求商总联会远离政治,回归"在商言商"的本位,经过三轮自下而上的努力,分裂两年之久的商总联会再次走向统一。上海商总联会的形成与分合,反映了中下层商人政治上的激进性与不成熟性。尽管如此,商总联会在维护市场秩序、反对工部局增捐和北京政府开征印花税的斗争中,仍然发挥了积极作用,维护了商人的整体利益,是一个政治色彩浓厚的非法人中下层商人团体。Ever since the May Fourth Movement, the Amalgamated Association of Street Unions of Shanghai （AASUS） came into being on the basis of the Road-trade Federations, with a rising national consciousness as the rational means to mobilize and assemble the lower middle businessmen and under the pretext of ＂no taxation without representation＂. It makes a concentrated display of the overall strength of the lower middle Chinese businessmen within the concessions in boycotting the extra donation in the International Settlement and striving for civil rights. However, under the unpredictable and ever-changing domestic political situation, the political naivety of the lower middle businessmen, the sophisticated political factions and the scramble of the regional business groups led to the disintegration of the association. The separation of the new and old association caused the decentralization and weakening of the overall strength of the Chinese businessmen. The AASUS should keep a distance from politics and regress to the standard of ＂business is business＂. Through three rounds of effort from bottom to top, the AASUS was reunified again after two years of division. The formation and division of the AASUS reflects the political radicalism and immaturity of lower middle businessmen. Despite all this, the Amalgamated Association of Street Unions of Shanghai still played a positive role in maintaining market order, struggling against additional donation o{ the Municipal Council and the levy of stamp duty from the Beijing Government. It also protected the overall interests of the businessmen and thus became a politically charged and unincorporated association for lower middle businessmen.

关 键 词：上海 商总联会 商联会 市民权 

分 类 号：F279.29[经济管理—企业管理]