保护后排乘员安全的前排座椅参数研究  

Research of front seat design parameters based on protecting passengers' safety of rear seats

作　　者：葛如海[1] 任美娟[1] 赵飞[1] 应龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《广西大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第3期585-594,共10页Journal of Guangxi University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：国家质量监督检验检疫总局项目(2010IK084);吉林大学汽车动态模拟国家重点实验室项目(20091106)

摘　　要：在汽车发生正面碰撞时,后排乘员由于惯性向前移动,十分容易与前排座椅发生二次碰撞而造成伤害。为了在轿车正碰时减小后排乘员与前排座椅发生碰撞时造成的损伤,本文提出一种基于前排座椅参数的优化方法。以提高正面碰撞中轿车后排乘员安全性为目标,根据2012年版中国新车评价规程[C-NCAP管理规则(2012年版)]的要求,以后排5百分位女性假人为研究对象,研究两排座轿车前排座椅参数对后排乘员的防护效果。在MADYMO软件中建立轿车后排乘员正碰数学模型,并用实车试验进行验证,在此基础上,分析了前排座椅头枕参数中的头枕水平距离和头枕刚度,以及前排座椅靠背参数中的靠背刚度、靠背距离、靠背倾角和靠背坐垫连接铰刚度这6个主要因素对后排乘员保护效果的影响。采用灵敏度分析的方法探寻对于后排乘员安全性影响最为显著的因素,并使用正交试验的理论,对这几项因素进行综合优化,得到最佳匹配方案。优化设计结果使正面碰撞时后排乘员伤害最严重的头部伤害值HIC降低了25.26%,左大腿力和右大腿力分别下降了13.67%和14.33%,完全伤害指标WIC值降低17.91%,优化效果显著,可以为今后轿车前排座椅设计提供参考。In vehicle frontal impact, the rear occupant head is easily impacting on the front seat headrest, and other parts of the occupant are easily impacting on the front seatback due to the iner-tia. In order to reduce the injury of the rear seat occupant while they run into the front seat back in frontal crash,an optimization method of front seat parameters is studied. In order to improve the rear seat passenger safety in frontal impact, a 5% dummy is put on the rear seat to study the influence of car front seat design parameters on rear seat passenger injury according to China New Car Assess-ment Programme 2012 [ C-NCAP Management Regulation （ 2012 edition ） ] , the car contains two rows of seats. A rear seat passenger constraint system model for frontal crash is set up by using soft-ware MADYMO based on the vehicle experiment and the model is validated by test according to ap-propriate processes. Based on the validated model, parameter sensitivity analysis, orthogonal experi-ment design and optimization are performed. The results show that the rear occupant Head Injury Criterion （ HIC ） decreased by 25. 26%, the left thigh force and the right thigh force reduced 13. 67% and 14. 33% respectively, and the WIC （ Weighted Injury Criterion ） value decreased 17. 91%. This can provide a reference for car front seat design.

关 键 词：正面碰撞 后排乘员 仿真 灵敏度 正交优化 

分 类 号：U461.91[机械工程—车辆工程] TP391.9[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]