湘北红壤坡地生态恢复过程中的植被演变  

The Vegetation Succession of Ecological Recovery Process in Red Soil Slope of North Hunan Province

作　　者：李雁勇[1,2] 王卫[1] 谢小立[1] 尹春梅[1] 陈安磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所//亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2015年第5期749-755,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(410912-83)

摘　　要：采用森林资源清查调查相关植被指标(Simpson指数,物种均匀度指数和多样性指数)的方法,对湘北红壤坡地恢复区和退化区近20年来生态恢复过程中植被演变,生物生产力及碳平衡的变化情况进行了初步调查分析。结果表明,(1)恢复区植被在20年间经历了缓慢恢复、快速恢复和物种逐渐减少3个阶段,物种由32种增加至73种;退化区物种经历了先减少、后增加、再急剧减少3个阶段,物种由43种减少至27种。(2)恢复区草本的Simpson指数持续减少,灌木草本无明显规律,草本和灌木的物种均匀度呈降低态势,乔木多样性指数变化规律不明显;退化区草本各项多样性指标无明显变化趋势,灌木各项多样性指数均在稳步提高。(3)恢复区生物量和碳量稳步提高,2003─2012年间植被含碳量增加到原来的1.48倍;退化区生物量和含碳量总体下降,2003─2013年间植被含碳量从387 g·m-2降低到356.9 g·m-2。Based on the forest resources inventory and vegetation indexes (Simpson index, species evenness index and diversity index), the change of vegetation, biomass and carbon balance in restoration area and degradation area in red soil region from 1995 to 2013 was observed and analyzed. The results showed that there were three stages-slow recuperating stage, rapid recuperating stage and species loss stage in the restoration area and the species diversity in this area increased from 32 to 73. However, the species diversity in degradation area reduced firstly and then increased and decreased dramatically at last, which caused the species diversity in this area fall from 43 to 27. In the restoration area, the Simpson index of herb declined continuously, but there was no obvious regularity in shrub herb;the species evenness of herbs and shrubs was detected to have a reduce trend;the diversity index of trees had no obvious regularity. In the degradation area, all three indexes of herbs had no significant trend, while the diversity index of shrubs improved steadily. The biomass and carbon content in restoration area improved steadily and the carbon content of vegetation in 2013 increased by 1.48 times compared that in 2003. However, in the degradation area, there was a decline trend in biomass and carbon content and the carbon content of vegetation decreased from 387 g·m-2 to 356.9 g·m-2 during 2003 and 2013.

关 键 词：红壤坡地 植被演替 生态恢复 自然退化 生物量 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学] Q948[生物学—植物学]