城市道路防护绿地对空气微生物污染的屏障作用  

Effects of Urban Road Protection Green-belt on Reducing Airborne Microbes Concentration

作　　者：任启文[1,2] 徐振华[1,2] 党磊[1,2] 王成 

机构地区：[1]河北省林业科学研究院,河北石家庄050061 [2]河北省林木良种工程技术研究中心,河北石家庄050061 [3]术研究中心,河北石家庄050061

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2015年第5期825-830,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：河北省林业厅项目(1407455)

摘　　要：深入研究城市道路防护绿地对空气微生物污染的屏障作用,对城市空气污染的控制、环境质量的改善以及城市道路绿化的科学配置具有重要指导意义.以北京市西土城路旁边3 块不同结构防护绿地为研究对象,在垂直道路不同距离设置取样点,用平皿沉降法同时采样,带回实验室培养计数.通过分析道路及其防护绿地内空气细菌、霉菌种类和所占比例,细菌、霉菌的水平扩散特征和道路防护绿地的减菌效应,以及基于空气细菌污染防治的城市道路防护绿地宽度.结果表明,（1）城市道路空气微生物主要以细菌为主,占99.4%,霉菌占0.6%;道路防护绿地中空气细菌占96.2%,霉菌占3.8%,霉菌数量比道路略高.细菌优势菌群包括Micrococcus,Staphylococcus,Bacillus,Microbacterium,Arthrobacter;霉菌优势菌群包括Alternaria,Penicillium,Aspergillus,Cladosporium.（2）道路防护绿地空气总微生物浓度和空气细菌浓度水平梯度变化-致,表现为从道路中央到距林缘15 m 处急剧降低,距林缘15~55 m 范围变化不大.（3）3 块绿地对空气细菌污染有显著防护效果,减菌效应都达到了70%以上,以乔灌草混交结构绿地防护效益最佳,达到90%以上;但防护绿地对空气霉菌的防护效果不明显.（4）在该研究背景下降低城市道路空气细菌污染的单侧最佳防护宽度应在15 m 以上,10 m 以上宽度也有一定防护效果.（5）城市道路防护绿地树种选择应以乔木树种为主,合理搭配灌草景观植物,优先选择具有滞尘、杀菌、吸收SO2 等特殊功能的树种.绿化空间结构配置北方城市以乔灌草复层结构为主,南方城市以多树种混交的乔草结构为主.With the development of economy and improvement of living quality, people need to clean, comfortable and healthy living environment. The role of urban green space in cleaning the air, improve the urban environment has attracted more and more attention. To research thoroughly the effects of urban road protection green-belt on reducing airborne microbes concentration has significant guiding sense to the air pollution control, environmental quality improvement and scientific disposition in urban road greening. The paper take three kinds of protection green-belt with different stand structure as research object, which on the Xitucheng Road in Beijing, sampled at different distances perpendicular to the road with gravity plate method, and then taking count of microbes. By analyzing the type and proportion of air-borne bacteria and molds on the road and it’s protection green-belt, the horizontal distribution characteristics and the reducing effects on airborne microbes of road protection green-belt, the results showed:1) bacteria is dominated on the urban road with 99.4%, while molds is 0.6%; in the road protection green-belt, the proportion of bacteria is 96.2%and molds is 3.8%. Predominant microflora of air-borne bacteria include Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Microbacterium, Arthrobacter;predominant microflora of molds include Alternaria, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium. 2) Total airmicroorganism and air-borne bacteria coherently change on horizontal grads, that is the total airmicroorganism and air-borne bacteria are consistently sharp decreasing from the middle of the road to 15 m distance to the green-belt edge, little change among 15~55 m. 3) The effect of three kinds of protection green-belt to protect bacterial pollution is significant, which exceeds 70%. The optimum effect is the stand structure of arbor-bush-herb, which exceeds 90%. While the protection effects of protection green-belt is not obvious for molds. 4) To reduce the bacterial pollution, the optimum unilateral protection width of

关 键 词：城市道路 防护绿地 空气微生物 空气细菌 屏障作用 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]