北京市顺义区341例乳母基本状况及乳汁成分分析  

Analysis on basic situation and milk composition of 341 lactating mothers in Shunyi district of Beijing

作　　者：吕金昌[1] 李永进[1] 徐彦[1] 高彭[1] 陈东宛[1] 刘秀峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市顺义区疾病预防控制中心,101300

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2015年第3期134-136,共3页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的了解北京市顺义区341例乳母基本情况及乳汁成分,为今后进行相应的营养干预提供指导。方法以问卷的形式询问乳母健康状况调查表,标准方法测量乳母的身高、体重、腰围、臀围。乳汁采集是指采空乳母一侧乳房的乳汁,乳汁样品用于母乳成分分析。结果顺义区341例乳母生产后体重、腰围、臀围逐渐降低,孕期体重增加平均为18.3 kg;孕期出现的临床症状以小腿痉挛和牙龈出血为主,分别为65.69%和54.25%;乳母使用催奶方法的有63.53%;初乳乳汁分泌量较少,单侧乳汁平均重量52.7g,2~3月乳汁分泌量最高,平均重量135.4 g;不同阶段乳汁成分中蛋白质和碳水化合物差别有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论调查结果表明顺义区341例乳母孕期体重增加远大于建议值,孕期小腿抽筋和牙龈出血发生率高,乳母使用催奶方法主要是食疗,用于预防奶量不足;乳母乳汁成分不同阶段蛋白质和碳水化合物含量不同,脂肪和能量含量没有变化。Objective To know the basic situation and milk ingredients of 341 lactating mothers in Shunyi district of Beijing,so as to provide corresponding guidance for future nutrition intervention.Methods Using health survey questionnaire to inquiry lactating mothers ＇ basic situation.Measuring lactating mothers ＇ height,weight,waist circumference and hip circumference by standard methods.Milk collection refers to sucking out milk as much as possible from one side breast with electric milk pump.The milk samples are used to analyze composition.Results Among 341 cases,the weight,waist circumference and hip circumference of lactating mothers were all decreased after delivery.The average weight gain is 18.3 kg during pregnancy.The main clinical symptoms include leg cramps and bleeding gums during pregnancy and the occurance rate are 65.69% and 54.25% respectively.Methods are used to promote lactation among 63.53% lactating mothers.The secretion of colostrum is less and the average milk weight is only 52.7g.The lactation amount reach peak at 2nd- 3rd month after delivery and the average milk weight is 135.4g.The level of protein and carbohydrates in lactating mothers＇ milk were both statistically significant different among different stages of lactation（ P〈0.05）.Conclusion The survey showed that weight gain during pregnancy is far higher than recommended amount among 341 cases of the lactating mothers in Shunyi district.The incidences rate of leg cramps and bleeding are high during pregnancy.In order to prevent deficiency of milk,dietary therapy was mainly used to promote lactation among lactating mothers.,The level of both protein and carbohydrates but not fat or energy in lactating mothers＇ milk were statistically significant different among different stages of lactation.

关 键 词：乳母 孕期情况 乳汁成分 

分 类 号：R715.3[医药卫生—妇产科学]