鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉饲料中补充晶体氨基酸对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、体成分、血浆及肌肉游离氨基酸含量的影响  

Effects of Complete Replacement of Fish Meal with Poultry By-Product Meal and Supplemented with Crystalline Amino Acids in Diets on Growth Performance,Body Composition,Plasma and Muscle Free Amino Acid Contents of Pacific White Shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)

作　　者：林建伟 张春晓 孙云章 翟少伟 宋凯 叶继丹 

机构地区：[1]厦门市饲料检测与安全评价重点实验室,厦门361021 [2]农业部东海海水健康养殖重点实验室,厦门361021

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2015年第6期1709-1721,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)专项(201303053);厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20130040)

摘　　要：本试验旨在探讨鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉时饲料氨基酸的平衡性与对虾生长性能、体成分、血浆及肌肉游离氨基酸含量的关系。试验设2个饲料蛋白质水平,分别为40%和31%,在每个蛋白质水平下分设鱼粉组(基础饲料)、鸡肉粉组(鸡肉粉完全替代基础饲料中鱼粉)、鸡肉粉+必需氨基酸(EAA)组(鸡肉粉完全替代基础饲料中鱼粉并补充晶体EAA)、鸡肉粉+EAA+非必需氨基酸(NEAA)(鸡肉粉完全替代基础饲料中鱼粉并补充晶体EAA+NEAA)。将平均体重为(0.37±0.01)g的凡纳滨对虾随机分配到32个圆桶(150 L)中,每桶30尾,每4个桶为1组,饲喂1种饲料,每天饱食投喂3次,进行为期56 d的饲养试验。结果表明:在每一饲料蛋白质水平下,鸡肉粉+EAA组、鸡肉粉+EAA+NEAA组对虾的增重率、特定生长率均比鸡肉粉组有显著提高(P<0.05),但仍显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05),饲料系数的变化正好与之相反;鸡肉粉+EAA+NEAA组对虾的增重率、特定生长率和饲料系数与鸡肉粉+EAA组无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲喂40%蛋白质水平饲料较饲喂31%蛋白质饲料显著提高对虾的增重率和虾体粗蛋白质含量(P<0.05),但显著降低虾体粗脂肪含量(P<0.05)。凡纳滨对虾血浆游离EAA/NEAA与饲料EAA/NEAA呈正线性关系,且血浆游离赖氨酸和苯丙氨酸含量均与特定生长率呈正相关。鸡肉粉组血浆游离蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸含量显著低于鱼粉组(P<0.05),各组对虾肌肉游离氨基酸含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此得出,在鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉的饲料中补充晶体EAA可促进凡纳滨对虾的生长,但进一步补充晶体NEAA并没有进一步改善其生长性能。A 56-day feeding trial was carried out to determine the relationship between amino acid balance in complete replacement of fish meal （ FM） with poultry by-product meal （ PBM） in diets and growth performance, body composition, plasma and muscle free amino acid contents of Pacific white shrimp （ Litopenaeus vannamei） was carried out in this experiment. Two dietary protein levels （31% and 40%, respectively） were designed, and four groups were arranged for each dietary protein level, which were FM group （ basal diet） , PBM group （ com-plete replacement of fish meal by poultry by-product meal in the basal diet） , PBM＋essential amino acids （ EAA） group （ complete replacement of fish meal by poultry by-product meal in the basal diet supplemented with crystal-line EAA） and PBM＋EAA＋non-essential amino acids （ NEAA） group （ complete replacement of fish meal by poultry by-product meal in the basal diet supplemented with crystalline EAA＋NEAA ） , respectively. Pacific white shrimp with the average body weight of （0.37±0.01） g were randomly divided into 32 barrels （150 L） with each barrel with 30 shrimp, and 4 barrels as a group were one of eight diets. Shrimp were fed three times a day and fed to apparent satiation. The results showed as follows：for each dietary protein level, the weight gain rate （WGR） and specific gain rate （SGR） in PBM＋EAA and PBM＋EAA＋NEAA groups were significantly higher than those in PBM group （ P〈0.05） , but significantly lower than those in FM group （ P〈0.05）;the feed conversion ratio （ FCR） had the opposite result compared with WGR and SGR. No differences in WGR, SGR and FCR between PBM＋EAA and PBM＋EAA＋NEAA groups were observed （ P〈0.05） . The shrimp fed the di-ets containing 40% protein level had higher WGR （ P〈0.05） , body crude protein content （ P〈0.05） , but lower body crude lipid content （ P〈0.05） compared with those shrimp fed diets containing 31%protein level. Free plas-ma EAA/

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 鸡肉粉 氨基酸平衡 生长性能 游离氨基酸 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]