香樟凋落叶在土壤中分解初期对凤仙花生长和生理特性的影响  

Effects of initial decomposing leaf litter of Cinnamomum camphora on the growth and physiology of Impatiens balsamina

作　　者：李仲彬[1,2] 胡庭兴[1] 李霜[3] 陈洪[1] 胡红玲[1] 卫娇娇 丁伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院,雅安625014 [2]成都市青白江区农业和林业局,成都610300 [3]四川农业大学食品学院,雅安625014

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2015年第3期571-578,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC09B05);四川省"十二五"农作物育种攻关课题(2011NZ0 098-10)资助~~

摘　　要：采用盆栽实验,通过向土壤(每盆8 kg)中添加0 g/盆(CK)、20 g/盆(T1)、40 g/盆(T2)和80 g/盆(T3)香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)凋落叶,探讨其在土壤中分解初期对凤仙花(Impatiens balsamina)生长和生理特性的影响,为乔木园林植物香樟与林下草本观赏植物的合理搭配以及凋落叶的处理提供参考.为分析施入的凋落叶是否会明显改变土壤物理性状进而影响受体植物生长,干扰化感效应的表现,同时进行了平行空白试验,即将香樟凋落叶蒸煮2 d后风干(尽可能地降低其中次生代谢物质的含量),同样设置3个处理(Z1 20 g/盆,Z2 40 g/盆和Z3 80 g/盆).分别在凤仙花播种后第20、60、100和120天测定其植株的生长指标,在第60天测定光合生理指标,并取样测定抗性生理指标.结果表明:(1)香樟凋落叶在土壤中分解的初期,显著抑制了凤仙花的地径和高生长(P<0.05);随着凋落叶添加量的增加,抑制效应增强,且显著抑制了凤仙花叶片的叶绿素含量和气体交换过程,其中叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔限制值(Ls)在60 d随凋落叶量的增加而显著减小(P<0.05);随着凋落叶量增加,凤仙花叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著降低(P<0.05);各处理丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著大于CK,表明其受到了一定程度的膜质氧化损伤;各凋落叶处理的脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖(SS)含量均显著低于CK(P<0.05),可溶性蛋白(SP)含量随凋落叶量增加呈上升趋势.(2)在平行空白试验中,经蒸煮后凋落叶处理的凤仙花在形态和抗性生理上均表现为无显著差异(P>0.05),表明在一定的凋落叶添加量范围内,土壤的物理性质的变化不明显,没有显著影响凤仙花的生长,其受到抑制的主要原因是凋落叶分解释放的次生代谢物质在土壤和受体植物中发生化学作用的结果;(3)香樟凋落叶处理对凤仙花的化感综合抑制效应随施用剂量的增大而增强,T1、T2和T3处理的化感�A pot experiment was conducted to study the allelopathic effects of initial decomposing leaf litter of Cinnamomum camphora on growth and physiology of Impatiens balsamina. Three leaf litter treatments included 20, 40 and 80 g of C. camphora leaf litter mixed with 8 kg of soil, namely T1, T2, and T3, respectively. In order to test the effect of leaf litter addition on the permeability and ventilation of soil simultaneously, a parallel trial with steamed leaf litter was conducted with the three treatments of the leaf litter. The leaf litter was steamed for 2 d to remove the secondary metabolites as much as possible, dried, and then mixed with 8 kg of soil, namely Z1, Z2, and Z3, respectively. No leaf litter was added in control （CK）. The growth parameters of/. balsamina were determined at the 20 d, 60 d, 100 d and 120 d after sowing and the main physiology indicators were determined at the 60 d. The results indicated that： （1） The ground surface diameter and height of L balsamina were inhibited significantly at 60 d （P 〈 0.05）. Photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange parameters of/. balsamina were inhibited significantly at 60 d, and the inhibition effect was stronger with increased amount of leaf litter addition. The chlorophyll content, P, and Ls decreased significantly with increased amount of leaf litter （P 〈 0.05）. The activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） in leaves of I. balsamina decreased with the increase of leaf litter addition. The content of MDA in treatments T1, T2 and T3 were all higher than that in CK, which indicated that 1. balsamina suffered oxidative damage in a certain degree. The content of free proline （Pro） and soluble sugar （SS） in leaves of 1. balsamina decreased significantly with the increase of the leaf litter （P 〈 0.05）, while the content of soluble protein （SP） increased. （2） In the parallel trial, 60 d after sowing, no obvious difference was observed between CK and any steamed leaf litter treatment in terms of

关 键 词：香樟 凋落叶 凤仙花 化感作用 生理特性 

分 类 号：S792.23[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S681.1[农业科学—林学]