分散练习和集中练习对运动技能学习效果影响的研究  

An analysis on the Effects of Distributed and Massed Practice on Motor Learning

作　　者：王健[1] 曲鲁平[2,3] 赖勤[4] 

机构地区：[1]天津体育学院研究生部,天津300381 [2]华中师范大学博士后流动站,湖北武汉430079 [3]天津体育学院体育教育训练二系,天津300381 [4]韦恩州立大学体育健康与运动科学系,美国密西根48202

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2015年第1期1-6,共6页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(项目编号:11&ZD150);天津市"十二五"综投体育教育训练学教学创新团队项目

摘　　要：运用元分析方法对符合研究需要的SCI和SSCI公开发表英文文献的研究结果进行统计分析,探讨分散练习和集中练习对运动技能学习的影响,及其对不同肌肉参与运动的技能类型和不同练习分布方式的影响,旨在丰富运动技能学习的相关理论,为练习分布在运动技能学习中的运用提供参考,进而提高学生运动技能学习的有效性。研究表明:(1)分散练习对运动技能学习产生的整体效果优于集中练习;(2)在运动技能掌握和保持阶段,分散练习对不同肌肉参与类型运动技能的掌握和保持均有较好效果;(3)不同练习的分布方式对运动技能的掌握均亦有较好效果,但是在保持阶段,练习间隔的学习效果优于单元间隔。This study used a meta-analysis on published papers indexed by SC] and SSCI to investigate the effects of distributed and massed practice on mo- tor learning. In addition, the effects of different motor skills based on the muscular size and different timing intervals were analyzed, in order to provide a refer- ence for application of practice distribution on motor learning in practical settings. The results indicated： （1）Distributed practice resulted in better perfor- mance on acquisition and retention than massed practice; （2）Distributed practice resulted in same good performance between the different skills during acqui- sition and retention; （3）The different intervals resulted good performance during acquisition. But practice intervals produced more learning relative to session intervals during retention.

关 键 词：分散练习 集中练习 运动技能 学习效果 

分 类 号：G808.12[文化科学—体育训练]