基于粒子群算法的电帆轨迹优化设计  

Trajectory Optimization of Electric Sail Based on Particle Swarm Algorithm

作　　者：王昱[1] 魏延明[1] 李永[1] 于洋[1] 边炳秀[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京控制工程研究所,北京100080 [2]中国空间技术研究院通信卫星事业部,北京100094

出　　处：《中国空间科学技术》2015年第3期26-34,共9页Chinese Space Science and Technology

摘　　要：电帆是一种利用太阳风动量的新颖的无工质空间推进系统,文章研究了以电帆为对象的行星际转移轨迹优化问题。以地球轨道转移到火星、金星轨道为任务对象,采用连续推力模型,研究极坐标系下最小时间转移轨迹优化设计问题。提出了两种基于粒子群算法(PSO)的直接优化方法,避免对协态变量初值敏感的两点边值问题(TPBVP)求解。方法一是通过打靶法直接离散化控制量输入,将最优控制问题转化为非线性规划参数优化问题,采用PSO算法寻优,获得近似最优的转移轨迹。方法二是针对任何连续控制律曲线都能以一定精度的多项式函数进行曲线拟合的特性,设计逼近最优转移轨迹控制律的多项式函数,通过PSO算法优化多项式函数参数获得逼近最优解的转移轨迹。仿真结果表明采用上述两种方法进行转移轨迹优化设计,具有随机猜测初值、全局收敛、鲁棒性强的特点。The electric sail is an innovative non-propellant propulsion in space which takes advantage of the momentum of the solar wind. The minimum-time interplanetary transfer problem of the electric sail was studied. The mission scenarios about transferring from the Earth to the Mars and Venus were investigated, using a continuous steering law model, in a polar inertial frame. Two direct methods based on the particle swarm optimization （PSO） algorithm were proposed, which avoided solving the two point boundary value problem （TPBVP） which was sensitive to the initial value of the costate variables. The first method used the shooting method to discretized the control variables, transforming the optimal control problem into a parameter optimization problem of nonlinear propramming. Based on the PSO algorithm, the near optimal transfer trajectory was obtained. The second method focused on the characteristics that all the continuous control laws can be fitted using the polynomial function under certain precision. A control law was designed to approximate the optimal transfer trajectory based on the analysis of the results from the first method, and the PSO algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of the designed control law. The simulation results show that both methods have the advantages of the random initial variable selection, large convergence range and good robustness.

关 键 词：电帆 轨迹优化 粒子群算法 星际探测 

分 类 号：TP301.6[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]