武汉市城市化过程中的空气质量响应研究  

Study on the response of the air quality to the fast urbanization pace in Wuhan City

作　　者：黄亚林[1] 丁镭[2] 张冉[1] 曾克峰[1] 刘超[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)公共管理学院,武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2015年第3期284-289,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CUGL120206)

摘　　要：以武汉市2000—2013年的城市化水平和空气质量状况数据为基础,运用主成分分析法和目标比率模型构建综合评价体系,并用多元回归模型进行检验,探究城市化过程中的空气环境质量响应特征。结果表明:1)2000年以来,武汉城市化进入稳增长的快速抬升阶段,空气污染综合指数总体变化平稳,2013年有变坏的趋势;2)不同类型的污染物对城市化水平具有不同的响应规律和影响程度,SO2为倒"U"型,表明随着城市发展,SO2浓度得到控制并呈下降趋势;NO2为"U"型,近9年来NO2浓度不减反增,对空气环境污染严重;而PM10及空气质量综合水平表现为倒"N"型特征,表明现阶段空间环境呈现污染加重的趋势;3)城市化快速扩张过程中的基础设施建设、建筑扬尘,汽车尾气排放、工业烟尘等是影响武汉空间环境质量的主要因素,需有针对性地加强城市空气环境管理。This paper is concerned about the new idea and methods how to improve air quality in the fast urbanization context. In order to identify the impacts of the urbanization on the air quality,we have built up two comprehensive evaluation models：（ 1） The urbanization level evaluation model established by the Principal Components Analysis（ PCA）,particularly by the principal components plus the weight; and（ 2） the target ratio model used to measure the level of air quality,that is,the concentration rates of pollutants by the corresponding air quality evaluation standards.Further studies are focused on the testing of the relationship between the urbanization and the air quality. For the aforementioned purpose,we have adopted the multiple regression model in hoping to disclose the characteristic features of the air environmental quality response to the fast pace of urbanization. All the above tests are based on the statistic data of the urbanization and air quality from 2000 to 2013 in the city. The results of our tests indicate that：（ 1） The city has entered into the stable growth phase of the fast urbanization since 2010,with its air pollution index changing smoothly and turning to be worse and worse;（ 2） It has been found that different kinds of pollutants have their own different effects and different influential degrees on the urbanization pace. For example,SO2 reveals an inverted ＂U＂type of pollutant,whose concentration rate has been controlled and tends to be declining with the fast development of the city,whereas NO2 turns to be in a shape of ＂U＂,showing that its concentration rate increased instead of declining in the recent nine years. That is to say,it has contributed greatly to the total air pollution threat. On the other hand,PM10 and the comprehensive air quality represent an inverted＂N＂type feature,which has to be regarded as a deteriorating trend in recent years.（ 3） The chief factors influencing the air quality in the city are the civil engineering construction,the

关 键 词：环境学 空气质量 环境响应特征 城市化 武汉市 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学]