新《环境空气质量标准》对PM2.5的控制及其对北京市居民健康影响的经济学分析  

Restriction on PM 2.5 by New Ambient Air Quality Standard and Economic Analysis of Impact on Residents' Health of Beijing

作　　者：王秀腾[1] 黄进[1] 高东峰[1] 林翎[1] 陈亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国标准化研究院

出　　处：《标准科学》2014年第7期28-31,共4页Standard Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题"大气污染控制重大环保装备运行效果评价技术标准研究与应用示范"和"重点行业节能减排集成控制技术研究与信息平台开发"(课题编号:2012BAK30B04)资助

摘　　要：本文以北京市为例,选择5种典型的健康影响指标,采用以流行病学研究为基础的暴露-反应关系估算因PM 2.5引起的居民健康效应,并结合单位健康效应的经济价值,估算出当北京市环境空气质量达到GB 3095-2012规定的二级时,北京市能够节约医疗开支22.30亿元,当达到一级时能够节约医疗开支达29.33亿元。可见,控制PM2.5不仅具有明显的环境和生态效益,而且能够通过提高居民健康水平,间接带来可观的经济收益。This paper takes Beijing as the investigation objective, choosing five kinds of typical health factors to evaluate health effect of PM 2.5 with the method of exposure and reaction evaluation based on epidemic-doses model. Assuming the PM 2.5 pollution is controlled well and satisfies the requirement of Grade 2 and 1 of new standard, 2230 and 2933 million Yuan for medical care will be saved in Beijing. So it is necessary to taking PM 2.5 into the new ambient air quality standard as a general indicator, for that controlling PM 2.5 is not only beneficial for environment but the ecology, and also accessible to bring considerable economic benefits by enhancing people＇ s health.

关 键 词：PM2.5 环境空气质量标准 居民健康 经济学分析 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学]