控制还是提升,这是一个问题——致使类“V得”句的句法本质研究  

Control or Raising? That is the Question: The Syntax of Causative V De(得) Construction

作　　者：潘海华[1,2] 叶狂[3] 

机构地区：[1]香港城市大学中文翻译和语言学系 [2]北京语言大学外国语学院,北京100083 [3]宁波工程学院外国语学院,浙江宁波315100

出　　处：《语言研究》2015年第3期28-37,共10页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划项目"跨语言视角下的把字句研究"(15NDJC080YB);浙江省外文学会2015年重点课题"提升理论下的‘V得’句研究"

摘　　要：在生成语法框架内,"V得"句,如"他气得我不想写信了",一直被分析为控制结构。事实证明,许多"V得"句不是控制结构,控制分析也让动词的定性陷入了困境。"V得"句本质上是一个提升结构,这一模式能覆盖更多的语料,也能揭示该句式内部各小类之间的差异。从解释力上看,这一分析从结构上就能解释有歧义的"V得"句,而不需要求助于句法外的因素;宾语充当致事以及致事为基础生成的"V得"句,也都能合理生成。从理论建设上看,这一分析使用自由空语类而避免强制控制语PRO/Pro,既尊重汉语事实也符合最简方案精神;提升的分析取向也与世界其它语言的类似研究保持一致,顺应了跨语言的发展方向。Within the generative grammar, the V De（得） construction is unquestionably analyzed as a control structure. The paper, however, argues that it is a raising construction because there are a great number of V De（得） instantiations that involve no control relations. This new approach can cover all the linguistic data, helping explain the subtle distinctions among the subtypes of this construction, with the following four pieces of advantages. Firstly, the ambiguity in some V De（得） constructions can be syntactically accounted for without the need to appeal to ultra-syntactic factors. Secondly, constructions wherein the object is raised as the causer or the causer is base-generated can be correctly derived. Thirdly, the obligatorily controlled Pro is avoided while the free empty category is employed, which is in accordance with the spirit of the Minimalist Program. Lastly, a raising analysis is consistent with that of cross-linguistic research, which is one of the latest theoretical trends.

关 键 词：及物动词 直接宾语 复杂谓语 致使范畴 论元结构 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]