沙地刚性轮构型仿生设计及牵引性能数值分析  

Bionic design of configuration of rigid wheel moving on sand and numerical analysis on its traction performance

作　　者：张锐[1] 罗刚[1] 薛书亮 杨明明[1] 刘芳 张四华[3] 潘润铎[4] 李建桥[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室,长春130022 [2]青岛征和工业有限公司,青岛266705 [3]中国电子科技集团第二十八研究所,南京210007 [4]吉林大学第一医院放射线科,长春130021

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第3期122-128,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51275199);吉林省科技发展计划资助项目(20140101074JC);吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室开放基金(K201412)

摘　　要：为了提高车轮牵引性能,改善车辆在松散沙土介质环境的通过能力,该文以善于沙地奔跑的鸵鸟足部关键部位—足趾甲为仿生原型,通过仿生优化轮刺结构,设计出具有高牵引性能的仿生轮刺式沙地刚性轮,并以一种模拟月壤作为试验松散沙土介质材料,采用离散元软件PFC2D?的内置语言FISH和相关命令,建立了适用于非规则结构刚性轮的轮壤相互作用动态模拟系统,并获得试验验证。通过仿生轮刺式刚性轮与模拟月壤相互作用离散元模拟,并与矩形轮刺式刚性轮模拟结果对照,从轮下模拟月壤颗粒细观运动、接触力场、速度场以及车轮挂钩牵引力角度,验证了仿生轮刺式刚性轮具有优越的牵引性能,在车轮滑转率50%的稳定运行状态下,仿生轮刺式刚性轮的牵引性能可提高5.2%左右。该研究为提高刚性轮在松散沙土介质环境中的牵引性能提供了全新设计和研究手段。It is very important to enhance the wheel traction performance for improving the traveling ability of the vehicle in the loose sand circumstance. The toenail, which is the key part of ostrich foot possessing the excellent running ability on sand, was regarded as the bionic prototype. Through bionic optimization of the wheel lug structure, the rigid wheel with bionic wheel lugs moving on sand with higher traction performance was designed. A kind of lunar soil simulants was selected as the experimental loose sand material. Using the built-in language FISH and the relevant command of Discrete Element Method（DEM） software PFC2D？, the dynamic simulation system, which was suitable for simulating the interactions between the rigid wheel with irregular structure and the loose sand material, was established. The simulation system was validated by the combination between laboratory test and DEM simulation. The interactions between the rigid wheel with bionic wheel lugs and the lunar soil simulants were simulated. The thrusts of lunar soil simulants were composed of four parts. The first part is the horizontal component forces of the tangential contact forces of the lunar soil simulant particles on the wheel outer boundary rim. The second part is the horizontal component forces of the normal contact forces of the lunar soil simulant particles on the wheel outer boundary rim after the bottom dead center. The third part is the normal contact forces of the lunar soil simulant particles on the lateral wall of the wheel active edge. The fourth part is the microscopic acting forces just like the horizontal positive component forces of the tangential contact forces. The moving wheel is subjected to the strong normal contact forces, caused by the compaction of the loads on the wheel and the cutting between the active side of the wheel rim and the lunar soil simulants. Because of the influences of the contact constitutive model characteristic of the lunar soil simulant particles, the small tangential contact forces of the luna

关 键 词：车辆 仿生学 数值分析 沙地刚性轮 鸵鸟足趾甲 牵引性能 离散元模拟 

分 类 号：V476.3[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]