大学生身体活动行为预测干预模型的构建:自主动机与TPB扩展模型的结合  

Constructing A Model for Prediction and Intervention of College Students' Physical Activity:Combined Self-Determined Motivation with TPB Model

作　　者：冯玉娟[1,2] 毛志雄[1] 车广伟[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京100084 [2]山东工艺美术学院,山东济南250014 [3]山东中医药大学,山东济南250014

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2015年第5期72-76,共5页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：2014年北京体育大学自主科研课题(项目编号:2014BS103)

摘　　要：目的:在TPB扩展模型的基础上,引入自主动机,构建SDM-PL-TPB 7因素整合模型,并检验该模型对大学生群体的适用性,为促进大学生身体活动行为提供理论依据。方法:采取心理测验法,选取普通专业大学生620人(男290人,Mage=(20.75岁±0.19岁;女330人,Mage=20.15岁±0.89岁)为研究参与者参与测试,研究所用材料为《自我决定动机量表》《态度量表》《主观规范量表》《主观控制感量表》《行为意向量表》和《体育活动等级量表-3》。研究中各变量的关系通过结构公式模型来验证,数据处理使用AMOS17.0软件包。结果:构建的模型各项拟合指标良好;自主动机作为TPB的前因变量显著预测了态度、主观规范和主观控制感;整合模型最终解释了行为意向45%的方差,解释了行为17%的方差,男女大学生亚群体之间有4条预测路径存在差异。结论:SDM-PL-TPB 7因素整合模型是适合大学生的预测干预模型;自主性动机是个体追求某种行为的内部动力,计划能使行为意向更好的转化为身体活动行为;自主性动机对意向的预测、主观控制感对行为的预测及计划对行为的预测,女生强于男生,而意向对行为的预测,男生强于女生。结论和建议:构建的模型丰富了有关促进身体活动行为的心理学理论,并为干预大学生的身体活动行为提供了理论依据。建议干预时考虑个体差异实施干预措施。Purpose ： The purposes of this study were to construct 7 - factors SDM （ self-determined motivation） -PL （planning）-TPB model ,to test its application in college students, and to promote college students＇ physical activity （PA）. Methods：Using the psychological test,620 （male,n =290,Mage =20. 75 ± 0. 19 yrs;female,n =330,Mage = 20. 15 ± 0. 89 yrs）college students participated in this study and fulfilled the scales of self-determined motiva- tion, attitude, subjective norm ,perceived control, behavior intention and physical activity. Relations between all varia- bles were tested by structural equation model, and all data was analyzed by AMOS 17.0. Results： Fit indexes of building model were good. SDM as a causative variable of TPB significantly forecasted attitude, subjective norm, perceived control;the model explained 45 % variance of behavior intention and 17% variance of behavior;there are four different forecasting paths between male and female college students. Conclusions ： The 7 - factor SDM-TPB-PL model is a prediction and intervention model which is suitable for college students. SDM is the internal motivation of individual pursuing for one behavior, PL can promote behavior intension transforming to behavior of physical ac- tivity;the preventions of SDM on intension,perceived control on behavior, PL on behavior are higher in female col- leges students than those in males, but the prevention of intention on behavior is higher in male students than that in females. Suggestion ：The 7 -factor SDM-TPB-PL model enriches the psychology theory of physical activity pro-motion,and provides a theoretical basis for promoting college students＇ PA. Individual variability should be consid- ered during interventions.

关 键 词：身体活动 自主性动机 计划 性别差异 计划行为理论 

分 类 号：G804.86[文化科学—运动人体科学]