中国七城市学龄儿童蛋白质摄入情况研究  

Protein Intake Among School-aged Children in 7 Cities in China

作　　者：王欢[1] 张雅蓉[1] 王金子[1] 王培玉[2] 张玉梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系,北京100191 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育学系,北京100191

出　　处：《中国食物与营养》2015年第6期76-79,共4页Food and Nutrition in China

摘　　要：目的：通过横断面调查,描述中国7城市学龄儿童蛋白质摄入情况。方法：采用多阶段随机整群抽样和立意抽样结合的方法选取儿童618名,通过问卷调查获得其一般情况、通过24h膳食回顾调查获得其膳食情况。结果：调查对象整体的蛋白质摄入量为50.2±26.7g/d,不同年龄组间蛋白质摄入量存在差异（F=2.425,P〈0.05）,11~12岁组最差、7~岁组最好。早餐、午餐和晚餐的蛋白质摄入量不同,早餐的蛋白质摄入量最少,中位数为12.5g/d;午餐和晚餐的蛋白质摄入量相近,中位数分别为23.2、22.4g/d,差异有统计学意义（F=58.394,P〈0.01）。蛋白质的食物来源中,动物性食物占总蛋白质摄入的比例为52.2%、植物性食物占47.8%。动物性食物中对蛋白质摄入贡献最多的前5类食物分别为猪肉、蛋类、家禽类、鱼/贝/虾类、牛肉;植物性食物中对蛋白质摄入贡献最多的前5类食物分别为大豆/豆腐/其它豆制品、大米、烙饼/煎饼/烧饼/油饼、面条、面包/饼干。结论：7城市学龄儿童蛋白质摄入不足的发生率较高,蛋白质在三餐中的分配不均,摄入优质蛋白质（动物性食物、豆类及豆制品）的比例较为理想,但膳食结构尚需进一步优化。Objective To describe protein intake among school-aged children in 7 cities in China. Method Totally 618 subjects were recruited using Systematic Cluster Random Sampling combined with Purposive Sampling. General information were collected by questionnaire investigation and dietary information were collected by 24 h dietary recalls. Result The overall protein intake was 50. 2 ± 26. 7g / d. The protein intake difference between ages was significant（ F = 2. 425,P 〈 0. 05）,with group 11 ~ 12 year old being the worst and group 7 ~year old being the best. Different protein intake among breakfast,lunch and dinner was found,while breakfast’s contribution was the lowest（median of 12. 5g /d） and lunch and dinner’s contribution were similar（median of 23. 2g/d and 22. 4 g/d）. The difference was statistically significant（ F = 58. 394,P 〈 0. 01）. The proportion of the protein intake contributed by animal food was 52. 2%,with 47. 8% by plant food. The top five foods among animal food were pork,eggs,poultry,fish / shellfish / shrimp,beef. The top five foods among plant food were soy / tofu / other soy products,rice,pancakes,noodles,bread / crackers. Conclusion The incidence of inadequate protein intake among school-aged children in 7 cities was high,with unbalanced protein intake distribution in meals,and ideal intake of high-quality protein（ animal foods,beans and soy products）,but the diet was still need to be further optimized.

关 键 词：学龄儿童 蛋白质摄入 

分 类 号：R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]