法国及欧洲器官移植的立法演变  

Legislation Evolution of Organ Transplantation in French and Europe

作　　者：Anne-Marie Duguet 姜莹[2] 邹明明[2] 李枞[2] 

机构地区：[1]保罗萨巴蒂尔大学,法国图卢兹31073 [2]大连医科大学杂志社,辽宁大连116044

出　　处：《医学与哲学（A）》2015年第7期46-50,共5页Medicine & Philosophy:Humanistic & Social Medicine Edition

摘　　要：许多报道显示,器官买卖和器官移植旅游在世界范围内吸引着一些不能在本国获得器官的患者前往贫困国家进行移植手术。2010年,世界卫生组织颁布了WHA63.22,强烈谴责器官买卖,并建议发展死后器官摘除。在此背景下,《伊斯坦布尔宣言》的出台在反对非法器官贩运和器官移植旅游上迈出了重要一步。该宣言建议所有国家要制订一个法律框架,成立主管部门保证其健康运行和足够的卫生设施及透明的机制。在总结欧洲立法的基础,主要介绍了法国的立法过程。法国虽然在1976年就颁布了相关法律,但目前仍面临器官短缺的问题,并也尝试通过一些新的法规以增加器官捐献者的数量。Many reports world wide show an organ trade and transplant tourism that attracts to poor countries patients who cannot be transplanted in the country where they live. In 2010, World Health Organization Passed WHA63.22, it strongly condemned the trade in organs for transplantation and recommended the development of post-mortem organ removal. In this context, the Istanbul Declaration against organ trafficking and transplant tourism is an important step because it recommends that all countries have a legal framework, a competent authority to implement it and adequate health facilities with transparent functioning. In this paper, after a summary of the European Directive, we will present the French legislation. France has a law since 1976 that evolved over time. However, the organ shortage remains a major problem and some new provisions have tried to broaden the number of potential donors.

关 键 词：器官短缺 器官贩运 法国器官移植立法 器官移植旅游 伊斯坦布尔宣言 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生]