黄河三角洲湿地柽柳群落退化特征分析  

Characteristics Analysis of Degenerated Tamarix Community in the Wetland of the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：徐梦辰[1] 刘加珍[1] 陈永金[1] 

机构地区：[1]聊城大学环境与规划学院,山东聊城252059

出　　处：《人民黄河》2015年第7期85-89,共5页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40901276);山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励项目(2011BSB01256);聊城大学基金资助项目

摘　　要：依据植物样地调查资料与土壤采样测定数据,运用时空替代法,将样地划分为退化早期阶段、退化中期阶段、退化晚期阶段,对不同退化阶段黄河三角洲湿地柽柳群落特征及水盐因子状况进行了分析。结果表明:从退化早期阶段至退化晚期阶段,研究区内柽柳群落的盖度、密度与高度呈减小趋势,物种丰富度、均匀度和多样性也呈下降态势,柽柳死亡率直线上升,反映了黄河三角洲湿地柽柳群落严重退化;退化早期阶段土壤养分与盐分仍处于合理范围,至退化晚期阶段已严重超出柽柳生长的承受范围。柽柳群落退化主要受自然因素和人为因素影响:自然因素方面,研究区土壤盐分逐年上升,土壤养分分布不均,生态环境恶化造成柽柳死亡与群落退化;人为因素方面,制盐业与水产养殖业迅速兴起,人们大面积砍伐柽柳,从而导致柽柳群落退化严重。Depending on the data of plant sample plot survey and soil sampling measurement and using spatial and temporal substitution method,this study divided the sample plots into the early stage of degradation,the middle stage of degradation,and the late degraded stage.It analyzed the tamarix community characteristics and water,salt factor status in different degraded degrees of the Yellow River delta wetland.The results show that,from the early stages of degradation to late degraded stage,the coverage,density and height of tamarix community in the research areas show a trend of decrease. The species richness,evenness and diversity also show a declining trend,and tamarisk＇s mor tality rate rises straightly up. These results have reflected the serious degradation of tamarix community in the Yellow River delta wetland. In the early stage of degradation,soil nutrients and salinity are still in a reasonable range,but they have greatly exceeded tamarisk＇s tolerance range when it is in the late degraded stage. Tamarisk community degradation is mainly affected by natural factors and human factors. In the aspect of natural factors,the increasing of soil salinity year by year,the uneven distribution of soil nutrients and the deterioration of ecologi cal environment have led in death and degradation of tamarix community in research areas. In the aspect of human factor,the rapid rise of salt industry and aquaculture cause people to cut down large areas of tamarisk,which leads to more serious degradation of tamarix communi ty.

关 键 词：湿地 柽柳群落 时空替代法 黄河三角洲 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TV882.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]