通过环境媒介保护的健康保护——空气和水污染防治  

Health Protection Guaranteed by Environmental Media: Prevention of Air and Water Pollution

作　　者：乌特.萨科瑟夫琪 喻文光[3,4] 

机构地区：[1]德国法兰克福歌德大学法学院 [2]中德规制法研究所学术顾问委员会 [3]中国人民大学法学院 [4]中德规制法研究所

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2015年第4期48-54,144,共8页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

摘　　要：德国环境法的法律渊源主要包括德国联邦法律、各州法律、欧盟法和国际条约。德国环境法有预防、污染者付费、合作、可持续发展和一体化五个核心原则。在对空气和水污染的规制方法上,除了传统的许可和指令方法外,还经常使用规划、环境影响评估和战略环境评估、环境信息和经济方法。环境保护的国家目标被写进了德国《宪法》后,联邦宪法法院判例又赋予了公民针对个人实施环境污染行为启动宪法保护程序的权利。污染防治方面的核心法律是《联邦污染防治法》,其核心要素是在许可等方面的程序规定。德国将欧盟的《水资源框架指令》转化为《水资源法》在国内实施,该法的核心原则是任何水域利用行为都必须申请行政机关的许可或者同意。The source of German environmental law contains the German federal law, state laws, the EU law and international treaties. There are five core principles of the German environmental law, namely, prevention, ＇polluter pays principle＇, cooperation, sustainable development and integration. Considering the regulation of air and water pollution, besides the traditional methods of license and order, ways of plan, environmental impact assessment, strategic environmental assessment, environmental information and economics are also used frequently. Being as a state level ambition, environmental protection is written in the Germany Constitution, and the cases from the federal constitutional court endow citizens with right to start constitutional protection procedure against individual environmental pollution behaviors. The fundamental law of pollution prevention is the Federal Pollution Protection Law, the core factor of which is the procedure provisions in aspects of license. Meanwhile, the Germany transfers the EU Water Framework Directive to the domestic Water Resource Law, the core principle of which is that any water usage behavior must apply for the license or agreement from related administrative organs.

关 键 词：环境法 环境规制 污染防治法 水资源保护 

分 类 号：D951.6[政治法律—法学] DD912.6