与疾病相关的污名——以中国的精神疾病和艾滋病污名为例  

Stigma Associated with Illnesses——Take Mental Illnesses and HIV/AIDS in Chinese Context for Instance

作　　者：郭金华[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系,讲师北京100871

出　　处：《学术月刊》2015年第7期105-115,共11页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：从西方污名研究的传统来看,心理学派倾向于从个体出发解说污名;社会学派多采取从社会出发的解释路径;人类学的视角避免了个体与社会的二元困境,将污名作为人类应对危险的道德体验和社会现象来理解,为反思和推进当下流行的以污名化的逻辑来解释、应对污名现象的理论和实践提供了可能性。在中国的社会和文化背景下,聚焦于精神疾病和艾滋病污名的人类学田野调查揭示,要理解特定社会中与疾病相关的污名产生的根源,应该尝试超越单纯从疾病出发的视角,关注特定社会和文化中关于人的定义;而要探讨污名的维系机制,则应把污名从静态的社会观念和态度重置回日常生活世界的场景,作为动态的社会过程来理解。Psychology, sociology and anthropology have been the major fields of stigma studies in the West. Traditionally, psychological researches on stigma features an individualist perspective, while sociologists normally base their explanation of stigma on social structure and order. Anthropologists prefer to understand stigma as a universal moral experience of dealing with danger and threat faced by people in their life-world. A detailed ethnography of stigma related to mental illnesses and HIV/AIDS in the Chinese context suggests that in any society and culture, the definition of person rather than the medical, social and cultural construction of these diseases should be paid more attention in exploring the origin of stigma, while the maintaining mechanism of stigma will not be revealed until we reconfigure stigma as a dynamic social process rather than a static social attitude toward those who suffering these illnesse.

关 键 词：污名 个体主义 社会秩序 危险 道德体验 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]