大额牛(Bos frontalis)与黄牛(Bos taurus)的种间杂交研究  

Study on the Interspecies Crossbreeding Between Gayal(Bos frontalis) and Yellow Cattle(Bos taurus)

作　　者：和占星[1,2] 王朋武 罗在仁 李春梅 尹以昌 亐开兴[1,2] 王安奎[1] 张继才[1] 黄必志[1] 袁希平[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省草地动物科学研究院,昆明650212 [2]云南省肉牛工程技术研究中心,昆明650212 [3]大理白族自治州家畜繁育指导站,云南大理671000 [4]盈江县畜牧兽医局,云南盈江679300

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2015年第13期2676-2686,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：云南省科技攻关与高新技术发展项目(2006NG23);云南省科技创新人才培养项目(2010CI082);云南省自然科学基金(2006C0068M);云南省草地动物科学研究院院长基金(YNBP2006DF0002);国家肉牛(牦牛)产业技术体系项目(CARS-38)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨大额牛(Bos frontalis)与黄牛(Bos taurus)种间杂交利用及杂交育种前景。【方法】以云南黄牛(大理黄牛、德宏黄牛,n=379)和西本杂(西门塔尔牛♂×云南黄牛♀,n=136)为母本,大额牛为父本,采用人工授精进行种间杂交。母牛在输精后约60 d,通过直肠检查进行妊娠诊断,并对妊娠母牛进行跟踪调查,统计产犊数,测定云南黄牛及杂种牛的初生、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄和24月龄体重、体尺,观察调查杂种牛的主要外貌特征。【结果】1用大额牛冷冻精液累计输精515头母牛,平均受胎率和产犊率分别达73.98%和92.13%,其中黄牛母本的平均受胎率和产犊率分别为68.87%和90.81%,西本杂母本的受胎率和产犊率分别达88.24%和95.00%。2大西本杂(大额牛♂×西本杂♀)的初生、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄和24月龄体重分别为22.86、103.86、142.40、176.21和243.25 kg,比云南黄牛的11.73、82.42、108.37、124.60和132.10 kg提高94.89%(P<0.01)、26.01%(P<0.01)、31.40%(P<0.01)、41.42%(P<0.01)和84.14%(P<0.01),比大本杂(大额牛♂×云南黄牛♀)的17.70、102.19、134.81、161.43和201.91 kg提高29.15%(P<0.01)、1.63%(P>0.05)、5.63%(P>0.05)、9.16%(P<0.05)和20.47%(P<0.01);大本杂的初生、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄和24月龄体重亦分别比云南黄牛提高50.90%(P<0.05)、23.99%(P<0.01)、24.40%(P<0.01)、29.56%(P<0.01)和52.85%(P<0.01);大西本杂初生到24月龄的平均日增重为301.90 g,极显著高于大本杂的264.67 g和黄牛的164.89 g(P<0.01),大本杂平均日增重亦极显著高于云南黄牛(P<0.01);大本杂的初生、12月龄和24月龄体重的杂种优势率分别为28.21%、3.87%和4.20%,以初生重的杂种优势率最高。3初生时,大西本杂的体高和胸围分别比同龄云南黄牛提高8.38%(P<0.05)和8.34%(P<0.05),大本杂的体高和胸围分别比云南黄牛提高11.48%(P<0.05)和7.23%(P<0.05)。在6月龄,大西本杂的体高、胸围、腹围和管围分别比云南�【Objective】To investigate the utilization and prospects in crossbreeding between the Gayal（Bos frontalis） and Yellow cattle（Bos taurus）. 【Method】Interspecies crossbreeding were carried out on Yunnan yellow cattle（YY, n=379） and Simmental crossbred cattle（Simmental ♂× Yunnan yellow cattle ♀, SY, n=136） as the female parent inseminated artificially with frozen semen of Gayal. Pregnancy test of cow at about 60 days, number of calving were tracked, and body weight, body measurement, appearance characteristics of crossbred F1 were investigated. 【Result】Results were showed that： 1 Rates of average conception and calving from 515 cows with frozen sperm of Gayal were 73.98% and 92.13%,thereinto rates of average conception and calving were 68.87% and 90.81% in YY, and 88.24% and 95% in SY, respectively. 2The body weights of crossbred F1（Gayal × SY, MSY） at birth, 6-month, 12-month, 18-month and 24-month of age were 22.86, 103.86, 142.4, 176.21 and 243.25 kg, respectively, which were 94.89%, 26.01%, 31.04%, 41.42%, and 84.14% significantly higher than those of YY（P〈0.01）, and 29.15%（P〈0.01）, 1.63%（P〉005）, 5.63%（P〉0.05）, 9.16%（P〈0.05） and 20.47%（P〈0.01） higher than those of MY; Body weights of crossbred F1（Gayal × Yunnan yellow cattle, MY） at birth, 6-month, 12-month, 18-month and 24-month of age were in turn 17.7, 102.19, 134.81, 161.43 and 201.91 kg, which were 50.90%, 23.99%, 24.40%, 36.83% and 52.85% significantly higher than those of YY（P〈0.01 or 0.05）; Average daily gain（ADG） of MSY from birth to 24-month age was 301.90 g, which was significantly higher than that of MY（264.67 g） and YY（164.89 g）（P〈0.01）, and ADG of MY was also significantly higher than that of YY（P〈0.01）; heterosis rates of birth, 12-month and 24-month age of MY were 28.21%, 3.87% and 4.20%, respectively, especially heterosis of birth stage was the highest, which was more distinct than that of other age stage. 3Withers height and heart girth

关 键 词：大额牛 黄牛 种间杂交 生长性能 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]