亚硝酸盐型甲烷厌氧氧化微生物生态学研究进展  

A REVIEW OF STUDY ON MICROBIAL ECOLOGY OF NITRITE-DEPENDENT ANAEROBIC METHANE OXIDATION

作　　者：沈李东[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学农业资源与环境系,南京210044

出　　处：《土壤学报》2015年第4期713-722,共10页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：南京信息工程大学人才启动项目(S8113112001);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)资助

摘　　要：亚硝酸盐型甲烷厌氧氧化(nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation,N-DAMO)是指以亚硝酸盐为电子受体将甲烷氧化为二氧化碳的微生物生理过程。虽然目前人们对于N-DAMO的研究主要集中于人工环境,但不断有证据表明N-DAMO菌广泛分布于不同类型生境(如河流、湖泊、湿地和海洋等)中,且在部分生境中已被证实N-DAMO反应的发生。这表明N-DAMO是一种被忽视的甲烷汇,其在全球温室气体减排中可能起着重要作用。本文介绍了N-DAMO菌的分类和生化反应机理,总结了N-DAMO菌在不同自然生态系统中的分布特征与作用强度,浅析了影响N-DAMO菌在自然生态系统中分布和发挥作用的主要环境因子,并探讨了N-DAMO反应作为一种被忽视的甲烷汇在控制温室气体排放中的贡献。Nitrite-dependenl anaerobic methane oxidation （N-DAMO） refers to a process of microbial physiology that allows methane to be oxidised to carbon dioxide with nitrite as electron aceeptor. Although current researches on N-DAMO focus mainly on its importance to artificial environments, more and more evidence becomes available indicating that N-DAMO bacteria distribute extensively in a variety of natural ecosystems, such as rivers, lakes, wetlands and marine ecosystems, and confirming that N-DAMO process occurs in several natural ecosystems, which demonstrates that the N-DAMO process as a previously overlooked methane sink may play an important role in reducing global methane emissions. This review presents an introduction to classifieation of N-DAMO bacteria and mechanisms of their biochemical reactions, a summary of distribution characteristics and effect intensity of N-DAMO bacteria in various natural ecosystems, and analyses of major environmental factors that may affect distribution and role of N-DAMO bacteria in various natural ecosystems. In addition, the review also explores potential importance of the N-DAMO process as an overlooked methane sink in controlling emission of greenhouse gases.

关 键 词：亚硝酸盐型甲烷厌氧氧化 甲烷汇 分类 分布 活性 环境因子 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]