危机背后：北京政府时期的中国银行和交通银行挤兑风潮  

Behind the Crises:Two Run Crises of Bank of China and Bank of Communications in 1916 and1921

作　　者：潘晓霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2015年第4期68-83,144,共16页Researches in Chinese Economic History

摘　　要：1916、1921年,中国银行、交通银行两度遭受挤兑风潮。挤兑风潮的发生,是政府与银行信用交相丧失的结果,反映着金融乃至政治经济体系的致命缺陷,其中有政府的银行财政化问题,也有银行的权力依赖、本身实力及应对危机能力的问题,还有政府、社会危机处理经验的匮乏。中国、交通银行在两次危机中同遭打击,中国银行安渡难关,并很快恢复发展,交通银行却一落千丈,从此失去与中国银行一比高下的能力。之所以如此,既有政局变更、政治力量消长等原因,也和中国银行对市场、信用的坚持与交通银行对政府的依赖密切相关。两次挤兑风潮的发生、发展路径及结局的异同,或可为深入认识、思考近代中国银行与政府关系问题提供某些借鉴。In 1916 and 1921,Bank of China and Bank of Communications suffered two serious run crises.As the result of the credit loss of the government and banks,bank runs also reflected the fatal flaw of financial mechanism and political-economic system,it included the irregular relationship between banks and government finances,the power and ability to cope with the crisis of banks,government and different sectors of society lacked the experiences or abilities to cope with crises.Bank of China and Bank of Communications commonly suffered the two crises,but it was different that the Bank of China got through the crises and soon resumed development,while bank of Communications has plummeted,legged behind the Bank of China for ever.The reasons were not only political change,frequent growth and decline of the political powers,but also that Bank of China adhered to market-orientation and set up credit,in contrast,the Bank of Communications closely relied on the government.

关 键 词：挤兑 信用 中国银行 交通银行 梁士诒 张嘉璈 

分 类 号：F832.9[经济管理—金融学]