超临界CO_2萃取双低油菜籽中油脂及其品质研究  

Oil Extrated from Double Low Rapeseed and Its Quality by Using Supercritical CO_2 Extraction

作　　者：万楚筠[1] 胡双喜 钮琰星[1] 李文林[1] 黄凤洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,武汉430062 [2]油料脂质化学与营养湖北省重点实验室,武汉430062

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2015年第7期32-36,共5页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD49G00)

摘　　要：为解决双低菜籽优质后的优用问题,提高双低菜籽油和饼粕的副加值,采用超临界CO_2萃取双低油菜籽中油脂,并对该工艺得到的油和脱脂菜粕品质进行了研究。通过单因素试验研究了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间,萃取流量和原料粒径对油脂提取率的影响。根据单因素试验的结果设计四因素三水平的正交试验得最优工艺参数:萃取温度35℃、压力30 MPa、时间120 min,原料粒度80目,在此条件下油脂提取率可达97.15%。经超临界CO_2萃取得到的双低菜籽油色泽浅,酸价与过氧化值都优于正已烷工艺,磷脂含量0.021 mg/g,为正已烷工艺的3.82%;维生素E含量17.26μg/g约是正已烷工艺的2倍,总酚与甾醇含量比正已烷工艺略低。采用超临界CO_2萃取得到的"双低"菜粕植酸含量低,蛋白溶解度高,颜色浅,其品质明显优于正已烷萃取的脱脂粕。研究结果可为双低油菜的高值化利用提供数据参考。For high - value utilization of double - low rapeseed with excellent quality and improving additional value of double - low rapeseed oil and rapeseed meals, supercritical CO2 was used to extract double - low rapeseed oil. Meanwhile the quality of oil and rapeseed meal obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction was studied. The factors including extraction pressure, temperature, time, CO2 quantity of flow and particle size of materials effecting on oil extraction efficiency were investigated by single factor experiments with supercritical CO2. The orthogonal experiment of four factors and three levels was used to optimize the operation parameters. According to results of the experiments, optimal operation parameters were extraction temperature of 35℃ , pressure of 30 MPa, time of 120 min, and parti- cle size of materials of 80 mesh. In this optimal condition, the oil yield was 97.15% by supercritical CO2 extraction. The double low rapeseed oils obtained by supercritieal CO2 extraction had light color, better acid value and peroxide value compared with the oil extracted with n - hexane. The phospholipid content of oil extracted with supercritical CO2 was 0. 021 mg/g, which was 3.82% to n - hexane process. The vitamin E content was 17.26 μg/g, which was about twice than that of n - hexane process. And total phenolic and sterol content were slightly lower than the n - hexane process. The rapeseed meal of double low rapeseed obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction was superior to the meal obtained by n -hexane extraction. It had low phytic acid content, high protein solubility and better color. These study results could help to utilize double low rapeseed for high -value products.

关 键 词：超临界CO2萃取双低油菜 油脂品质 脱脂粕品质 

分 类 号：TS224[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]