提取学习有利于学习与记忆的认知神经基础  

The Neural Correlates of Retrieval Practice in Learning and Memory Retention

作　　者：梁秀玲[1,2] 李鹏[3] 陈庆飞[3] 雷怡[3] 李红[3] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学心理学院 [2]辽宁师范大学脑与认知科学研究中心,大连116029 [3]深圳大学脑功能与心理科学研究中心,深圳518060

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2015年第7期1151-1159,共9页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31100740;31271088;31400961);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地基金重大项目(11JJD190002)资助

摘　　要：研究表明提取学习相比简单重复学习更加益于记忆的保持。近期的脑成像研究发现,与简单重复学习相比,提取学习时前额叶、顶下叶、颞叶及一些皮层下结构的脑激活更大,这些脑区的激活也能预测随后的记忆成绩。这些研究表明,在更多认知资源的投入和工作记忆系统的参与下,提取学习是一个获得、加工、整合和巩固语义关系的过程。提取学习充分调用认知和情感、皮层与皮层下机能,同时还发挥语义和情景记忆优势来促进学习与记忆。Previous studies have shown that retrieval practice led to greater retention than repeated studying. Recent fMRI studies provide insight by showing that several enhanced brain regions associated with retrieval practice but not with restudying, such as the inferior frontal cortex, inferior parietal lobe, middle temporal areas and parts of subcortical brain regions. Increased activity in these areas during retrieval practice can predict the final performance. It is assumed that the process of retrieval practice involved more mental resources. On the basis of working memory, the retrieval practice was regarded as a systematic representation of semantic relation, including acquisition, processing, integration and consolidation process. In fact, retrieval practice not only makes full use of the cognitive and affective, cortical and subcortical functions, but also plays the advantages of semantic and episodic memory to facilitate learning and memory.

关 键 词：提取 测试效应 功能性核磁共振 认知神经机制 学习与记忆 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] B845[哲学宗教—心理学]