水生态模拟系统及其在化学品生态风险评估中的应用  

Application of the Aquatic Model Ecosystem in Ecological Risk Assessment of Chemicals

作　　者：王蕾[1] 刘建梅[1,2] 刘济宁[1] 石利利[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042 [2]南京工业大学生物与制药工程学院,南京210009

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2015年第2期36-44,共9页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(No.2013AA06A308)"PBT/PvB分类技术体系及智能筛选平台开发"(科研院所技术开发研究专项)

摘　　要：水生态模拟系统是用于高层次化学品生态风险评估的测试模型,目前在国外已经广泛用于工业化学品、农药、兽药、重金属等单一化学物质和复杂混合物的生态风险评估研究,而我国的相关研究比较匮乏。随着我国化学品风险评估体系的完善,水生态模拟系统测试必将作为作为单一生物毒性测试的有效补充。在此背景下,简述了水生态模拟系统的分类、研究方法和结果外推方法;从单一化学物质暴露作用下的生态危害评估、多种化学物质联合暴露作用下的生态危害评估以及目标化学物质的归趋分析三个方面阐述了水生态模拟系统在国内外化学品风险评估科学研究中的应用,对比了水生态模拟系统和单一物种毒性测试结果和基于两种测试数据的生态危害评估结果。与此同时,分析了水生态模拟系统在国内外化学品环境管理中的应用情况。在此基础上,对我国发展水生态模拟系统所存在的问题及解决方案提出了建议。As a high level test model for ecological risk assessment of chemicals, the aquatic model ecosystem （AME） has been extensively developed, and widely applied in different countries for both single and mixedchemicals, including pesticides, veterinary drugs and heavy metals. However, the regarding studies about AME in China are still insufficient. To optimize our system for hazard assessment of chemicals, AME acts as a critical complement beyond single species test. This paper describes the classification, research approaches and data extrapolation methods of established AMEs. We mainly focus on the discussion of the various application of AMEs in risk assessment of chemicals, including the exposure pathways and fate analysis of sin-gle or multiple target chemicals. We have also compared the results derived from AME, single species test or both. This paper also introduces the present application status of AMEs in environmental management of chemicals both abroad and in China. Based on the above analysis and description, we propose the potential solutions to address the current problems of utilizing AMEs in China.

关 键 词：化学品 水生态模拟系统 生态风险评估 生态危害评估 环境管理 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]