中国纺织印染加工用化学品的风险评估  

Chemical Risk Assessment for the Textile Industry in China

作　　者：陈建刚 王碧佳[1] 朱泉[1] 高琴文 杨一奇[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]东华大学生态纺织教育部重点实验室,东华大学化学化工与生物工程学院,上海201620 [2]广东德美精细化工股份有限公司,广东528305 [3]内布拉斯加大学林肯分校纺织品、销售、服装设计系,美国内布拉斯加州林肯市68583-0802

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2015年第2期131-141,共11页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(No.2013AA06A307)

摘　　要：概述了我国纺织化学品风险管理在法规、标准指南、风险评估方面与国外的差距。并就纺织印染加工用化学品风险评估中的3个环节,即行业调研、化学品安全数据库构建和危害识别,提出并探讨了8个问题。行业调研环节,重点探讨了纺织化学品生产使用企业的调研问题,纺织化学品的信息透明度问题和混合组分问题;化学品安全数据库构建环节,探讨了纺织化学品安全信息的完整度和定量结构活性关系计算的缺陷;危害识别环节,探讨了纺织化学品中持久性、生物蓄积性和有毒(PBT)化学品,致癌、致畸和生殖毒性化学品(CMR)以及内分泌干扰物质(EDC)的识别。This review provided an overview of the gap in textile chemical risk management between China and developed countries with regards to regulations, technical guideline development, and chemical risk assessment. Eight issues in the three stages of textile chemical risk assessment were raised and discussed from a practical point of view. For the textile chemical survey stage, three issues were discussed, including the selection of surveyed manufacturers, chemical information transparency and chemical mixture issues. For the database building stage, the missing data problem and the limits of quantitative structure-activity relationship prediction methods were discussed. For the risk assessment stage, three types of toxicity screenings on textile chemicals, namely Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic （PBT） chemicals, Carcinogenic, Mutagenic and Reproductive toxic （CMR） chemicals and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals （EDC）, were discussed.

关 键 词：纺织化学品 行业调研 化学品安全信息 危害识别 风险评估 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]