进出口工业化学品风险管理与风险评估进展  

Progress on Risk Assessment and Risk Management for Import & Export Chemicals in China

作　　者：韩伟[1] 于艳军[1] 张勇[1] 李宁涛[1] 王利兵[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津出入境检验检疫局工业产品安全技术中心国家危险化学品检测重点实验室,天津300308 [2]湖南出入境检验检疫局技术中心,长沙410004

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2015年第2期142-153,共12页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家863计划(No.2012AA06A303);国家质检总局科技计划(Nos.2013IK214;2014IK072)

摘　　要：我国是世界化学品生产和贸易的大国。大量化学品的生产和进出口贸易给我国化学品风险管理和风险评估带来了巨大挑战。在借鉴发达国家和经济组织对化学品风险管理经验和评估技术的基础上,我国在近年来也逐步开展了化学品的管理和控制,以应对当前日益突出的化学品环境安全和健康安全事故。本文从我国化学品管理与国外化学品风险管理之间的对比出发,在梳理化学品管理政策发展的过程中,重点就我国环境保护部门对有毒和进口化学品、新化学物质和废弃危险化学品以及质检部门对进出口工业化学品的管理和控制措施,以及化学品的评估技术进行了综述。通过与发达国家就化学品风险管理与评估技术的对比,指出我国目前化学品管理和评估的不足与欠缺,并提出一些可行的应对措施与办法,为完善我国化学品风险管理和评估提供一定的参考。China is one of the biggest countries for chemical production and trade power. A large number of chemical production, import and export trade in China has brought great challenges for chemical risk management and risk assessment. Based on adopting experiences from foreign and economic organizations about chemical risk management and evaluation technology, China also gradually carried out the management and control for chemicals in recent years, to cope with the increasingly prominent chemical-induced environmental and health safety problems. This article starts from the comparison between China and abroad on chemicals management, reviews the chemicals management policies development in China, focusing on the management and control measures issued by environmental protection departments for toxic and import chemicals, new chemical substances and the discarded hazardous chemicals, and the import and export of industrial chemicals managed by quality inspection department. Meanwhile, the chemicals risk assessment technology is also summarized. Through the comparison with developed countries on chemical risk management and assessment, points out the deficiencies and problems of chemical management and evaluation in China, and puts forward some feasible countermeasures, which provides a certain reference for improving China＇ s chemical risk management and evaluation.

关 键 词：进出口 化学品 风险管理 风险评估 进展 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]