长江口崇明渔港表层沉积物中丁基锡赋存特征及生态风险  

Occurrence and Ecological Risk of Butyltin Compounds in Surface Sediment from Fishing Ports of Chongming Island in the Yangzte Estuary

作　　者：向元婧 张菲菲[1] 陈卫东[2] 陈玲[3] 黄清辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院长江水环境教育部重点实验室,上海200092 [2]华测检测技术股份有限公司上海分公司环境实验室,上海201206 [3]同济大学环境科学与工程学院污染控制与资源化研究重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2015年第2期362-368,共7页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41071301);瑞中化学品污染胁迫与风险研究项目(1038687)

摘　　要：在长江口及崇明岛沿岸渔港采集表层沉积物样品,通过超声萃取-乙基化衍生技术提取沉积物中的丁基锡化合物,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析沉积物中的丁基锡赋存特征。结果显示,在长江口的参考点沉积物中均未发现有机锡化合物,而在各调查的渔港沉积物中均检出丁基锡,总浓度在1.6~58.8 ng Sn·g-1(干重,以下同)之间变化。表层沉积物的三丁基锡(TBT)、二丁基锡(DBT)和一丁基锡(MBT)浓度范围分别为ND^28.7 ng Sn·g-1,ND^22.1 ng Sn·g-1,1.6~8 ng Sn·g-1。其中,堡镇港TBT污染水平最高;老滧港和奚家港口门处沉积物中TBT浓度与新河港差不多(平均为17.2 ng Sn·g-1),而在港口内部沉积物中均未检出TBT,仅有MBT残存。检出TBT的样点,均在大型渔船码头、客运游艇码头或船厂附近,其浓度均超过澳大利亚和新西兰推荐的TBT沉积物质量基准(ISQG)触发值,即5 ng Sn·g-1。同时各样点暴露浓度(PECsed)与预测无效应浓度(PNECsed)的商值均大于1,SQG和PECsed/PNECsed两个方面均反映了崇明岛渔业港口沉积物中的TBT存在生态风险。综上,长江口地区沉积物中有机锡化合物形态和浓度差异很大,码头或船厂附近沉积物中有机锡污染问题值得优先关注。Surface sediments were collected from five fishing ports in Chongming Island and the Yangtze （Changjiang） Estuary. Organotin compounds in the sediment samples were investigated by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry （GC-MS） after ultrasonic extraction and ethyl derivatization. The re-suits showed that organotin was not detected in the sediments of reference sites in the Yangtze Estuary while butyltin compounds were widely distributed in all the sediments from fishing ports, varying from 1.6 to 58.8 ng Sn.g-1（dry weight, the same as below）. Concentrations of tributyltin （TBT）, dibutyltin （DBT）, monobutyltin （MBT） ranged from not detectable level （ND） to 28.7 ng Sn. g-1, ND to 22.1 ng Sn. g-1, 1.6 - 8 ng Sn. g-1, respectively. Among them, contamination level of TBT in the sediment was highest in Baozheng port; TBT concentrations in the sediment from the entrance of Laoyao port and Xijia port were almost the same as that of Xinhe port （average value was 17.2 ng Sn. g-1）. In the inner ports, TBT was not detected and only small amounts of MBT were residual. All of the TBT-contaminated sites were found in the neighborhood of large fishing boats dock, marinas or shipyards. TBT concentrations of these sites exceeded 5 ng Sn.g-1-the Interim Sediment Quality Guideline （ISQG） trigger value of Australian and New Zealand. Besides, the ratio between predicted exposure value （PECsed） and predicted no effect value （PNECsed） of all the sites were all above 1. Consequently, both ISQG and PECsed/PNECsed indicated an ecological risk of TBT existed in sediments from Chongming Island fishery ports. Overall, organotin concentrations and species showed large variation in the sediment from the Yangtze Estuary area, and organotin contamination in the sediments around docks or shipyard should be concerned in priority.

关 键 词：有机锡 三丁基锡 沉积物 渔港 长江口 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]