浑河水环境健康风险特征研究  

Study on the Character of Health Risk in the Water Environment of Hun River

作　　者：王辉[1] 孙丽娜[1] 刘哲[2] 罗庆[1] 吴昊[1] 王晓旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳大学区域污染环境生态修复教育部重点实验室,沈阳110044 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2015年第2期394-402,共9页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家科技重大专项课题(2012ZX07202-004);沈阳市科技计划项目(F14-133-9-00);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2014CB441106);沈阳市科学事业费竞争性选择项目(城市生态环境风险管理及其修复技术研究)

摘　　要：随着经济发展,水环境污染不断加剧,已经严重危害到人们的正常身体健康。水环境评价可以得到准确的水质状况及其污染程度,但却无法直观反映对人体健康危害的风险程度,因此需要对水环境健康风险进行评价。应用美国环保局(USEPA)推荐的暴露计算方法和健康风险评价模型,以2009年和2010年11项水环境监测指标的数据为基础,首次对浑河河流中11项污染物的健康风险进行评价,对监测指标和健康风险的时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明:在监测的指标中,重金属和氰化物等未超标,挥发酚和氨氮超标,其中氨氮超标严重。对人体健康风险中,化学致癌物中Cr(VI)最大,非致癌物中氨氮的健康风险最大;与化学致癌物对人体健康危害的个人年风险相比,非致癌物由饮用途径所导致的健康危害较小。浑河干流总健康风险在丰水期最小,平水期最大。浑河干流从上游到下游各断面总健康风险总体上呈降低趋势,均高于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)的最大可接受风险水平。结果证明水体中Cr(VI)为主要风险因子,应对含Cr(VI)废水进行控制和治理,加强农业面源和工业废水的治理。With rapid growth of economic development, more and more pollutants were poured into river and it had exerted negative effects on human health. The conventional water quality assessment could＇t reflect the risk degree to human health. So the health risk assessment was essential. Based on the water quality monitoring data about the eleven monitoring indexes in surface water during 2009--2010, this paper assessed the environmental health risk through drinking water with the model for USEPA water environmental health risk analysis in the mainstream of Hun River. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals and CN-were lower than National Grade l]I （GB3838--2002）, and the concentrations of NH4 ＋-N and volatile hydroxy- benzene exceeded the maximum permissible limits of National Grade llI. The health risk of NH4 ＋-N was the greatest in non-carcinogens. But compared with the health risk of carcinogens, the health risk of non-carcinogens was negligible. The greatest health risk for individual person per year was caused by Cr（VI）, and it were higher than the standard value recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection （ICRP）. The total health risk in Hun River was the smallest in wet season, and the biggest in normal water season. The health risk in Hun River decreased from the upstream to downstream, but the health risk exceed the standard value in every sampling sites. Cr（VI） was the main risk factors in Hun River. So an effective way to reduce and control the discharge of Cr（VI） must be carried out to decrease the environmental health risk, and the management of wastewater in agricultural non-point source and industry must been strengthened.

关 键 词：铬(Ⅵ) 化学致癌物 浑河干流 水环境 健康风险 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]