全氟化合物对水生植物的生态效应研究Ⅰ——典型城市河道全氟化合物的暴露水平及植物富集特征  

Ecological Effects on Aquatic Plants Induced by Perfluorinated Compounds Ⅰ—Occurrences and Bioaccumulation of Perfluorinated Compounds in Typical Urban River

作　　者：蒋曌泽 王铁宇[2] 张晓军[1] 孔潇潇[1,2] 李奇锋[2,3] 孟晶[2,3] 朱朝云[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]牡丹江师范学院生命科学与技术学院,牡丹江157012 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2015年第2期435-444,共10页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171394);科技基础性工作专项(2013FY11110);中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-TZ-12)

摘　　要：全氟化合物(perfluorinated compounds,PFCs)近年来得到国内外广泛关注,针对工业源排放区域的环境暴露、来源解析以及动物层面的生态效应有较多研究,但对于普遍存在于非工业源(生活源)的城市河道PFCs暴露及水生植物富集等研究较为缺乏。本研究选择位于北京北部东西贯通的城市河道——清河水体为对象,分析结果表明,清河水体中12种目标PFCs均有检出(总量最高为65.45 ng·L-1),并以全氟丁烷磺酸盐(perfluorobutane sulfonate,PFBS)为主(最高达45.63 ng·L-1);6种水生植物(篦齿眼子菜、黑藻、金鱼藻、芦苇、菖蒲及水葱)的富集物质均以全氟辛烷磺酸盐(perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)和全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA)为主,沉水植物中金鱼藻对于PFOS的蓄积效果优于黑藻及篦齿眼子菜,挺水植物中根部PFCs含量高于茎叶,根部PFOA及PFOS含量高于茎叶,但全氟丁酸(perfluorobutanoic acid,PFBA)含量茎叶则高于根部。整体来看,尽管芦苇、菖蒲和水葱3种挺水植物尚不能作为PFCs的超富集植物,但其根部对PFCs均有显著的吸收效果,具有一定的生态修复潜质;沉水植物中金鱼藻是北方自然河道的优势物种,且对PFOS具有显著的富集效应,因此有必要进一步探索其PFCs生物指示和生态修复功能。Perfluorinated compounds （PFCs）received extensive attentions and were reported to be widespread in environment in recent years. The existing studies mainly focused on environmental exposure, source identification, and ecological effects related to animal, however, few studies were designed to pay more attention to bioaccumulation of aquatic plants growth in urban river which polluted by domestic discharge. The present study selected the Qing River, which is a typical urban river flowing from west to east of north part of Beijing city. All 12 target PFCs compounds were detected in water with the highest concentration up to 65.45 ng. L-1, and PFBS was the dominant compound（up to 45.63 ng . L-1）. As for 6 species of aquatic plants, PFOS and PFOA were predominantly in Potamogeton pectinatus L., Hydrilla verticillata （Linn. f.） Royle, Ceratophyllum demersum L., Phragmites australis （Cav.） Trin. ex Steud., Scirpus validus Vahl and A corus calamus L. Among three kinds of submerged plants, Ceratophyllum demersum L. had more bioaccumulation of PFOS. Among e- mergent aquatic plants, generally PFCs levels in root tissues were higher than those in stems and leaves; therein PFOA and PFOS concentrations in roots were higher than those of stems and leaves as well, while PFBA with exact contrary. In general, three kinds of emergent aquatic plants couldn＇ t be served as hyper-accumulation plant, but the root tissue has significant absorption effect of PFOS. Ceratophyllum demersum L. has significant effect of bioaccumulation of PFOS, and it is also the dominant species widely spread in natural fiver in north China, thus it could been concerned as a biological indicator and explain its ecological remediation function in the further studies.

关 键 词：全氟化合物 水生植物 富集特征 生态效应 城市河道 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]